Pilot Study on Digital Public Infrastructure Collaboration
Authors
- Pages
- 84
- Published in
- Indonesia
Table of Contents
- Table of Contents 3
- List of Tables 5
- List of Figures 5
- List of Abbreviations 7
- Executive Summary 10
- Chapter 1 13
- Introduction 13
- 1. Economic Cooperation through Digitalisation 13
- 2. India and Southeast Asia: Historical and Economic Ties 14
- 3. Business-to-Business Cooperation between India and Southeast Asia 14
- 4. Digitalisation and Cultural Exchange 15
- 5. India and Southeast Asia: Cultural Bonds 15
- 6. Challenges and Opportunities 15
- 7. Outcomes from the 20th ASEAN–India Summit 16
- 8. Key Elements of the India–ASEAN Relationship 17
- Chapter 2 18
- DPI: Overview and Cross-Country Comparison 18
- 1. Status of Digital Public Infrastructure in ASEAN Member Countries 18
- 1.1. Government IDs 18
- 1.2. Real-Time Digital Payments 19
- 1.3. Data sharing and Open banking 21
- 2. Country-Specific Overview of Digital Public Infrastructure in ASEAN 22
- 2.1. Brunei 23
- 2.3. Indonesia 25
- 2.4. Lao PDR 26
- 2.5. Malaysia 27
- 2.6. Myanmar 27
- 2.7. Philippines 28
- 2.8. Singapore 29
- 2.9. Thailand 29
- 2.10. Timor Leste 30
- 2.11. Viet Nam 31
- 3. Digital Public Infrastructure Development Priorities for Each ASEAN Country 32
- Chapter 3 34
- Evolution of DPI in India 34
- 1. Introduction 34
- 2. Government-led DPI Initiatives 35
- 2.1. Aadhaar: Comprehensive Biometric Identity System 35
- 2.2. The Jan-Dhan Scheme: Universal Financial Inclusion through Bank Accounts 35
- 2.3. The Public Finance Management System (PFMS) 36
- 2.4. Direct Benefits Transfers 37
- 3. Central Bank Led Fintech and DPI Initiatives 39
- 3.1. Unified Payments Interface: A Low-Cost Bank-to-Bank Payments System 39
- 3.2. The Business Correspondent Model: Bringing Financial Services to Unbanked Areas 41
- 3.3. Payment Banks 41
- 3.4. Small Finance Banks 42
- 3.5. Account Aggregator 42
- 4. Market-Led Fintech and Financial Services Initiatives 44
- 4.1. Paytm payments wallet 44
- 4.2. Leveraging Mobile Technology for Digital Transactions 45
- 4.3. Jio mobile and broadband 46
- 4.5. Accelerating credit penetration through FinTech NBFCs 48
- 5. Civil Society-Led Reforms 50
- 5.1. Implications of the September 2018 Aadhaar Ruling by the Supreme Court 50
- 6. Summary of India’s DPI capabilities 50
- 6.1. Case Study: MOSIP | Digital ID systems for all governments 52
- 7. Guiding principles of India’s design for other countries 53
- 7.1. Interoperability 53
- 7.2. Minimalist and Reusable Building Blocks 53
- 7.3. Diverse and Inclusive Innovation 54
- 7.4. Federated and Decentralised Design 54
- 7.5. Security and Privacy by Design 54
- Chapter 4 55
- Regulatory Policies and Initiatives: India and ASEAN 55
- 1. Digital Policies 55
- 2. Data Privacy and Localisation 56
- 3. Digitisation of Trade 56
- 4. International and Regional Agreements 57
- 5. Digital Economic Framework Agreement 58
- 6. ASEAN and India DPI collaboration in Securities Markets 61
- 6.1. Listing of ASEAN securities on GIFT city exchanges 62
- 6.2. Setting up of a banking unit at GIFT city by ASEAN countries 63
- Advantages of an IBU at GIFT 63
- 7. ASEAN-India Fund for Digital Future 65
- 8. Capacity Building 65
- 9. Conclusions 67
- Chapter 5 69
- Recommendations 69
- 1. Digital Public Infrastructure 69
- 2. Trade and Economic Integration Enhancements 73
- 3. Roadmap 73
- References 78
- Endnotes 83