This publication includes analysis of the National Pupil Database (NPD): The Department for Education is responsible for the collation and management of the NPD and is the Data Controller of NPD data. [...] the associations between time in school and pupil attainment, at both the end of primary school (key stage 2) and the end of secondary school (key stage 4) Our first line of enquiry, finds that the majority of schools are now delivering the 2022 white paper commitment. [...] However, the relative mix of these vary across schools.9 Unfortunately, whilst we have a near complete sample of data with the average length of school weeks in the 2023/24 academic year, the 2023/24 KS2 and GCSE results are not yet available in the NPD. [...] Figure 4: The correlation between the percentage of pupils eligible for free school meals in the last 6 years (FSM6) and the length of school weeks Source: Spring school census 2023 and 2024 Note: The light green dots indicate outliers (schools with averages that differ from the mean by more than ± three standard deviations) 16 Part 2: Time in school and pupil attainment 17 The previous section fo. [...] Interestingly, at the school level we find no evidence of a link between the percentage of pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM) and the length of the school week.
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Table of Contents
- About the Education Policy Institute 2
- About the authors 2
- Louis Hodge 2
- Oana Gavriloiu 2
- Acknowledgements 2
- Data acknowledgements 2
- Contents 3
- Executive summary 4
- Key Findings 6
- Data 8
- Part 1 The length of the school week in England 10
- Table 1 Summary of school responses to the spring school census 2023 and 2024 11
- KS2 KS4 11
- January 2023 January 2024 January 2023 January 2024 11
- Mean average hours per week 11
- Standard deviation 11
- Number of respondent schools 11
- Total number of schools 2023 15257 3246 11
- Figure 1 Distribution of the length of the school week 12
- Table 2 Schools that reported weekly hours in the 2023 and 2024 spring school census 12
- KS2 KS4 12
- Mean average hours per week 12
- Percentage of schools 12
- Number of schools responding in both 2023 and 2024 4789 889 12
- Figure 2 Differences in average weekly hours by school characteristics primary school 13
- Figure 3 Differences in average weekly hours by school characteristics secondary school 14
- Table 3 Two-way comparison of selective and single sex secondary schools 2024 15
- Co-ed Boys Girls 15
- Non-selective 15
- Selective 15
- Figure 4 The correlation between the percentage of pupils eligible for free school meals in the last 6 years FSM6 and the length of school weeks 16
- Part 2 Time in school and pupil attainment 17
- Prior studies 18
- Methods 19
- Results 21
- Primary school KS2 21
- Reading attainment 21
- Maths attainment 21
- Table 4 Coefficients for weekly hours in school estimated from OLS and IPW regressions KS2 reading and maths attainment 23
- OLS IPW OLS IPW OLS IPW OLS IPW 23
- Reading 23
- 2023 23
- 2024 23
- Maths 23
- 2023 23
- 2024 23
- Secondary school KS4 24
- Headline attainment and progress 24
- Table 5 Coefficients for weekly hours in school estimated from OLS and IPW regressions Attainment 8 and Progress 8 26
- OLS IPW OLS IPW OLS IPW OLS IPW 26
- Attainment 8 26
- 2023 26
- 2024 26
- Progress 8 26
- 2023 26
- 2024 26
- Variation by subject 27
- Table 6 Coefficients for weekly hours in school estimated from OLS and IPW regressions GCSE English and maths and EBacc subjects 29
- GCSE EBacc 29
- English Maths English Maths Science Humanities Languages 29
- 2023 29
- OLS 29
- IPW 29
- 2024 29
- OLS 29
- IPW 29
- The magnitude of effects 30
- Figure 5 Comparison of estimated effect sizes across other studies 30
- Table 7 Comparison of estimated effect sizes across other studies 31
- Table 8 Converting effect sizes to years of learning 32
- Conclusion 33
- Annexes 35
- Annex A Variables 35
- Table A1 Source and type of variables used in regression analysis 35
- Variable Type Source 35
- Annex B Representativeness of the sample 36
- Table B1 Representativeness of the sample - pupil characteristics 36
- Table B2 Representativeness of the sample - school type 36
- Table B3 Representativeness of the sample region 37
- Table B4 Representativeness of the sample admission type 37
- Table B5 Representativeness of the sample urbanrural 38
- Table B6 Representativeness of the sample single-sexco-educational 38
- Table B7 Representativeness of the sample Ofsted rating 39
- Annex C Underlying data 40
- Table C1 Underlying data Figure 1 40
- Table C2 Underlying data Figure 5 40
- Study Data source Effect size 40
- Min Max 40
- Bandwidth KS2 KS4 40
- 2023 2024 2023 2024 40
- References 41
