Constructing a ranking of critical materials for the global energy transition

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Ghent University

Table of Contents

• Constructing a ranking of critical materials for the global energy transition 1
• Contents 3
• Abbreviations 5
• Chemical symbols 6
• Executive summary 7
• Silver strontium platinum phosphorus chromium rhodium lanthanum ruthenium aluminium boronborate selenium palladium cerium vanadium titanium and silicon. 7
• Lithium cobalt gallium rare earth elements REEs neodymium indium platinum group metals PGMs dysprosium nickel tellurium praseodymium graphite manganese copper and germanium. 7
• MOST CRITICAL 7
• MODERATELY CRITICAL 7
• Molybdenum magnesium yttrium cadmium terbium zinc iridium zirconium samarium tungsten beryllium tin iron steel europium potassium niobium tantalum gadolinium lead and rhenium. 8
• LEAST CRITICAL 8
• 1. Introduction 9
• 1.1 Scope and design 9
• 2. Meta-list 12
• 3. Composite index 16
• 3.1 Trends over time in the identification of critical materials 18
• 3.2 Demand scenarios for materials 20
• 3.3 Diversification of materials markets 21
• 3.4 Abundance of minerals in the Earths crust 23
• 3.5 Recycling potential 25
• 3.6 Substitution potential 26
• 3.7 Combining the indicators into the composite index 27
• 4. A ranking of critical materials 29
• 5. Conclusions and recommendations 31
• References 33
• Appendices 38
• Appendix A. Additional materials for renewable energy meta-list 39
• Appendix B. Additional materials for composite index 41