Designing Competition Policy for Economic Development in Asia and the Pacific

Related Organizations

Ateneo de Manila University

Kyushu University

National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

Shandong University

Stony Brook University

Table of Contents

• cover_Designing Competition Policy for Economic Development in Asia-FINAL (1) copy 1
• Designing Competition Policy_7th Proof_Web Ready.pdf 2
• Table 3.1: Trade Agreements with Competition Chapter Concluded by Japan 76
• Table 3.2: Interagency Cooperation Memorandums and/or Arrangements including Technical Assistance Provisions Concluded by Japan Fair Trade Commission 80
• Table 3.3: Effect of Participation in GATT/WTO on Competition Policy 85
• Table 3.4: Encompassing Regression of Competition Law 87
• Table 3.5: Effect on Budget Size of Competition Agencies 89
• Table 4.1: Business Practices on Select Asian Countries 118
• Table 5.1: Summary Statistics of Normalized Key Time Series Variables 145
• Table 5.2: Country Ranking according to Index of Resources 152
• Table 5.3: Legal Systems of Economies in Asia and the Pacific 155
• Table 5.4: Conduct Competition Authorities (survey respondents) 156
• Table 5.5: Conduct Advocacy Activities (survey respondents) 159
• Table 5.6: Mergers and Public Interest (survey respondents) 161
• Table 5.7: Country Ranking according to Competition Policy Index of Enforcement Intensity 164
• Table 5.8: Country Ranking According to Overall Competition Policy (2021) 166
• Table 6.1: Estimated Price Cost Margin Before and After Trade Reforms 182
• Table 6.2: Pros and Cons of Mandatory and Voluntary Merger Notification Regimes 190
• Table 6.4: Types of Approvals under the Philippine Competition Commission’s Merger Review Regime 192
• Table 6.3: Annual Statistics on Merger Review for the Philippines 192
• Table 6.5: Comparison of the Full Market Approach vs. Presumption Approach 199
• Table 6.6: Characteristics of the Initial Assessment and Preliminary Inquiry 204
• Table 7.1: Share of Rice to Total Spending, by Per Capita Income Deciles (%) 228
• Table 7.2: Share of Telecommunications Services to Total Spending, by Per Capita Income Deciles (%) 229
• Table 7.3: Estimated Price Change and Related Parameters 231
• Table 7.4: Expenditures on Rice and Potential Distributive Impact of Greater Competition 233
• Table 7.5: Estimated Effects on Poverty and Inequality of Changes in Competition in Rice Sector 234
• Table 7.6: Estimated Price Change and Related Parameters (Telecommunications) 235
• Table 7.7: Expenditures on Telecommunications and Potential Distributive Impact of Greater Competition 236
• Table 7.8: Estimated Effects on Poverty and Inequality of Changes in Competition in Telecommunications Sector 237
• Table 8.1: Comprehensive Competition Policy Framework 246
• Table 8.2: Competition Laws and Competition Authorities in Selected Countries in Asia and the Pacific 251
• Table 8.3: Maximum Share of Foreign Direct Investment by Sector 264
• Table 9.1: Sales of Leading Modern Food Retail Chains in Developing Asia, 2000s 278
• Table 9.2: The Names of Three Largest Food Retailers, Selected Countries, 2010, 2015, and 2020 281
• Table A9.1: Examples of Top Conglomerates in South Asia and Southeast Asia 298
• Table 10.1: Comparison of Alternative Finance with Conventional Loans 313
• Table 10.2: Bali Fintech Agenda Elements: Balancing Opportunities and Risks 318
• Table 11.1: MSMEs to Total Number of Enterprises (%) 332
• Table 11.2: MSME Employment Share to Total National Labor Force (%) 333
• Table 11.3: MSME Contribution to GDP (%) 334
• Table 11.4: Digital Markets Revenues—World, 2017–2025 ($ billion) 348
• Table 11.5: Summary of Studies 363
• Table 12.1: Evolution of COVID-19 in the People’s Republic of China 373
• Table 12.2: Product Category 383
• 1 28
• Designing Competition Policy for Economic Development in Asia: Overview and Policy Directions* 28
• Majah-Leah Ravago, James Roumasset, Arsenio Balisacan, Yasuyuki Sawada, Tetsushi Sonobe, and Yesim Elhan-Kayalar 28
• 2 46
• Competition Policy in Theory and Practice* 46
• James Roumasset, Majah-Leah Ravago, and Arsenio Balisacan 46
• 3 70
• Diffusion and Adaptation of Competition Policy in Asia 70
• Reiko Aoki, Toshiko Igarashi, Takayuki Kai, Eri Satake, Tetsushi Sonobe, Yasuyuki Sawada, and Shintaro Ueda* 70
• 4 104
• Should Competition Laws in Asia be Redesigned to Improve Economic Outcomes? 104
• R. Ian McEwin 104
• 5 132
• The Structure, Conduct, and Performance of Competition Agencies in Asia* 132
• Majah-Leah Ravago, James Roumasset, Arsenio Balisacan, and J. Kathleen Magadia 132
• 6 179
• Pillars of Competition Policy: The Philippines in the Context of Developing Asia 179
• Leni Papa, Danilo Lorenzo Atanacio, and Arsenio Balisacan 179
• 7 219
• The Impact of Competition on Poverty and Inequality: The Philippine Case Using a Microsimulation Method 219
• Karl Robert Jandoc, Geoffrey Ducanes, and Irene Jo Arzadon 219
• 8 244
• An Effective Regulatory Environment to Foster Domestic Market Competition in Asia 244
• Roberto Martin Nolan Galang and Graciela Miralles Murciego 244
• 9 275
• Market Power of Agri-Food Supply Chains in Developing and Emerging Asia 275
• Takayuki Kai and Tetsushi Sonobe 275
• 10 300
• Competition Issues in the Financial Sector in Asia 300
• Peter Morgan 300
• 11 331
• Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises, Digital Platforms, and Competition Policy in Asia 331
• Atsuko Izumi, Yasuyuki Sawada, Yasutora Watanabe, and Yesim Elhan-Kayalar 331
• 12 371
• E-Commerce, the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Industry Dynamics in a Two-sided Market: The Case of a Digital Food Delivery Platform in the People’s Republic of China 371
• Xiaolan Zhou, Yasuyuki Sawada, Matthew Shum, and Elaine S. Tan 371
• 13 399
• The Dynamics of E-Commerce and the Role During the COVID-19 Pandemic 399
• Yasuyuki Sawada, Yesim Elhan-Kayalar, Matthew Shum, and Daniel Yi Xu 399
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