Madagascar - Country Climate and Development Report (English)

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Table of Contents

• Foreword 2
• Acknowledgments 3
• Acronyms and Abbreviations 5
• Foreword ............................................................................................................................... i 7
• Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. ii 7
• Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................iv 7
• Executive Summary ..................................................................... 7
• 1. Madagascars Dual Climate and Development Challenge .............................................. 1 7
• 2. Are Madagascars Policies and Institutions Ready for the Climate Crisis .................... 11 7
• 3. Climate-Resilient Development Pathways for Madagascar ......................................... 18 7
• 4. Whole of-Economy and Poverty Impacts of Climate Change ....................................... 41 8
• 5. Financing Madagascars Climate Transition ................................................................ 51 8
• 6. Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 60 8
• Executive Summary 9
• Madagascar is especially vulnerable to climate change 9
• A blueprint for urgent action 12
• Priority Area 1 Ensuring Climate Resilience in Key Sectors 12
• Priority Area 2 Achieving Institutional and Policy Climate Readiness 14
• Priority Area 3 Securing Climate Finance and Mobilizing the Private Sector 15
• Climate finance gap reduced in the periods 2023-2030 and 16
• 2040-50 if CCDR recommendations are implemented 16
• Recommendations 18
• 2. Madagascars Dual Climate and Development Challenge 23
• 2.1. Madagascars Development Ambitions and Challenges 24
• 2.2. Climate Change and Variability in Madagascar 27
• 1.2.1. Climate change is already a reality in Madagascar Observed trends 28
• 1.2.2. Future climate in Madagascar 31
• 3. Are Madagascars Policies and Institutions Ready for the 33
• Climate Crisis 33
• 3.1. Climate Governance in Madagascar A Gap Analysis 34
• 3.2. Madagascars Approach to Disaster Risk Management 36
• 3.3. Priority Actions to Improve Madagascars Climate and DRM 38
• Governance 38
• 4. Climate-Resilient Development Pathways for Madagascar 40
• 4.1. Water Food and Energy Security in a Changing Climate 41
• 3.1.1. The future of Malagasy agriculture under climate change 42
• 3.1.2. Making hydropower work for development and energy security 46
• 4.2. Scaling Up the Coastal and Blue Economy 49
• 4.3. Creating Vibrant Climate-Resilient Cities 52
• 3.3.1. Climate and disaster risk trends in urban areas 52
• 3.3.2. Key constraints to climate-resilient urban growth 53
• 3.3.3. A way forward for creating vibrant climate-resilient cities 54
• 4.4. Towards a Climate-resilient Multimodal Transport System 55
• 3.4.1. Climate-vulnerable transport infrastructure 55
• 3.4.2. Investment and reforms to increase transport resilience 55
• 4.5. Investing in Human Capital Growth under a Changing 57
• Climate 57
• 3.5.1. Social protection to build climate resilience and cope with shocks 58
• 3.5.2. Proactively addressing the health impacts of climate change 60
• 3.5.3. Educating for climate change Investing in Madagascars future 61
• 5. Whole of-Economy and Poverty Impacts of Climate Change 63
• 4.1. Estimating Future Macroeconomic Impacts of Climate Change 63
• 4.2. Poverty and Inequality in a Changing Climate 69
• 6. Financing Madagascars Climate Transition 73
• 6.1. Key Sources of Climate Finance for Madagascar 73
• 5.1.1. Insurance and risk management products 75
• 5.1.2. Voluntary carbon markets 75
• 5.1.3. Innovative climate finance solutions 76
• 6.2. Fiscal Policy and Reforms to Support Climate-Resilient 77
• Growth 77
• 6.3. Managing Climate-related Financial Risks 80
• 7. Recommendations 82