Working Paper 19 Harare: City report - George Masimba and Anna Walnycki

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Table of Contents

• Acronyms 4
• 1. Introduction and overview 6
• Figure 2: ACRC’s conceptual framework 7
• Figure 1: Map showing the geographic location of Harare 6
• 2. Harare’s position in Zimbabwe’s political settlement and governance structure 8
• 2.1. Key relationships between the ruling coalition and Harare 10
• 2.2. City-level power concentration and social foundation 12
• Table 1: Party political alignment in Harare (2013 and 2018 elections) 13
• Figure 3: Map showing Harare Metropolitan Province 14
• Table 2: Electoral constituency type, Harare Metropolitan Province (2013 and 2018 elections)10F 14
• Figure 4: Harare election results, 2013 and 2018 15
• 2.3. Centre–local politics and implications for development processes in Harare 16
• Box 1: Parallel powerbrokers in Harare 17
• 3. City-level power balance and governance 18
• 3.1. Decentralisation and the devolution of power 18
• 3.2. Centre–local understandings of devolution and decentralisation 19
• 3.3. External influences 21
• 3.4. Geography of electoral support across opposition-ruling party lines in Harare 22
• 3.5. Everyday politics 22
• 4. City of systems approach: An overview 23
• 4.1. History: Tracing infrastructure challenges and contestations in Harare 24
• 4.2. Ownership and governance: Understanding the institutional context 26
• 4.3. Coverage of formal infrastructure systems 27
• 4.4. Access: Analysing progress towards inclusive infrastructure systems in Harare 28
• 4.5. Infrastructure quality and sustainability in Harare 29
• 4.6. Risks and vulnerabilities: Assessing internal institutional failures and beyond 29
• 5. Domain summaries 30
• 5.1. Informal settlements domain 31
• 5.1.1. Locating powerful groups in Harare’s informal settlements 31
• Figure 5: Map showing ACRC Harare research sites 32
• 5.1.2. Intersections with formal authority in Harare 32
• 5.1.3. Adverse impacts of power contestations 34
• 5.1.4. Challenges and the need for further research 35
• 5.2. Land and connectivity domain 37
• 5.2.1. Challenges of urban land administration 37
• Figure 6: Map showing Harare periphery and growth of informal settlements 39
• 5.2.2. Managing conflict to improve land administration 39
• Figure 7: Harare informal settlements and adjoining rural district councils 41
• 5.3. Structural transformation domain 42
• 5.3.1. Key dynamics 42
• 5.3.2. Governance and challenges of structural transformation 43
• 5.3.3. Current and potential reforms or interventions 45
• 5.4. Neighbourhood and district economic development 46
• 5.4.1. Key domain actors 46
• 5.4.2. Governance of the domain 49
• 5.4.3. Significance to city and national political elites 49
• 5.4.4. Key systems and systemic issues 49
• 5.4.5. Key development challenges 50
• 5.4.6. Current and potential reforms or interventions 51
• 6. ACRC study in Harare: An overarching analysis 52
• 6.1. Findings and relevance for the political economy of development in the city 52
• 6.2. Prospects for resolving domain-level development problems 54
• 6.3. Harare’s reform opportunities for urban development 54
• Table 3: Potential entry points for catalysing urban reform in Harare 55
• 6.4. Relevance to crosscutting issues 57
• 6.4.1. Climate change 57
• 6.4.2. Pandemics and repeated disease outbreaks 58
• 6.5. Fit with ACRC’s theory of change 59
• 7. Implications for future research and interventions 60
• 7.1. Emerging insights from the findings 60
• 7.2. Areas for further research 61
• References 62
• Back cover_working paper series 2024.pdf 1
• Sample_ACRC working papers.pdf 1
• 1. Introduction 1
• 2. Heading 1 which should not capitalised 1
• 2.1. Heading 2 1
• Table 1: Title not all capsed 1
• References 1
• Covid Collective_community responses synthesis report 060622.pdf 1
• 1. Background and introduction: Understanding Covid-19’s impacts and responses to it in East African cities 1
• 2. Methodology 1
• 3. Key findings 1
• 3.1. Violence and insecurity 1
• 3.2. Emergency relief 1
• Mogadishu 1
• 3.3. Countering misinformation and tackling the Covid ‘infodemic’ 1
• 3.4. Coalitions, collaboration and grassroots-led responses 1
• Kampala 1
• Figure 1: Overview of the top-down formal structure of Uganda’s Covid-19 response led by the NTF 1
• Mogadishu 1
• Figure 2: Overview of the formal structure of Somalia’s Covid-19 response, including the Mogadishu Incident Management System 1
• Nairobi 1
• Mathare 1
• 4. Conclusions and policy recommendations 1
• Table 1. Summary of key Covid-19 responses (top) and different cross-cutting modalities of interaction between actors in the three cities (below) 1
• Figure 3: Modalities of interaction across scales in response to the Covid-19 pandemic 1
• 4.1 Key Recommendations 1
• References 1