Rising to the Challenge: Success Stories and Strategies for Achieving Climate Adaptation and Resilience

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Table of Contents

• _Ref176165460 53
• _Ref172021839 53
• _Hlk180397298 139
• _Hlk161250017 148
• Acknowledgments 9
• Acronyms 10
• Executive summary 13
• Climate change and extreme events are increasing, as are their impacts 14
• Development, adaptation, and resilience are inseparable 15
• Countries have not mainstreamed adaptation and resilience in their economic and development policies 18
• Private and public actors are stepping up A&R action and investments 21
• Introduction 27
• The growing and unequal risks from climate change 27
• Climate change and its impacts 28
• Impacts are larger on poor and vulnerable countries, communities, and people 30
• Low-income population are at high risk from climate-related hazards 32
• This report 35
• CHAPTER 1 37
• Adaptation and resilience as a development imperative 37
• 1.1. Development, adaptation, and resilience are inseparable 38
• 1.1.1. Faster development: closing development gaps is fundamental to boost resilience 38
• 1.1.2. Better development: not all development builds resilience 43
• 1.1.3. Targeted adaptation interventions and climate risk management 47
• 1.1.4. Resilience, or just good development? 48
• 1.2. Financial needs for development and adaptation are strongly interlinked 49
• 1.3. The private sector has a crucial role to play, but faces many barriers 51
• 1.4. Advancing A&R goals requires a whole-of-society response 54
• CHAPTER 2 57
• More is needed: gaps and priorities identified by country A&R readiness assessments 57
• 2.1. Key gaps and priorities for action 58
• 2.2. Foundations: rapid, robust, and inclusive development to build resilience 61
• 2.3. Priority Area 1. Facilitate the adaptation of people and firms 62
• 2.4. Priority Area 2. Adapt land use plans and protect critical public assets and services 65
• 2.5. Priority Area 3. Help people and firms manage residual risks and natural hazards 68
• 2.6. Priority Area 4. Manage financial and macrofiscal issues 72
• 2.7. Applications: legal and institutional framework, implementation, and monitoring progress 75
• 2.7.1. Political and legal commitments 75
• 2.7.2. Governance and institutional framework 77
• 2.7.3. Monitoring and evaluation capacity 79
• CHAPTER 3 81
• Private and public actors are stepping up A&R action 81
• 3.1. Examples of private sector advances in A&R action and investments 82
• 3.1.1. Case studies from the agriculture sector 83
• 3.1.2. Case studies from the energy and infrastructure sectors 87
• 3.1.3. Case studies from the finance sector 94
• 3.2. Examples of public sector advances in A&R action and investments 100
• 3.2.1. Building end-to-end hydromet services in Bangladesh 101
• 3.2.2. Programmatic, regional solutions for resilient transport in Pacific Island countries (PICs) 105
• 3.2.3. Infrastructure investment to build drought resilience in Brazil 109
• 3.2.4. Creating an enabling environment to mobilize private investment: diversifying energy supply in Albania 112
• 3.2.5. Adaptive social protection to support poor and vulnerable people in Bangladesh, Nigeria, Nepal, and Niger 114
• 3.2.6. Saving lives with heat-health action plan in India 121
• 3.2.7. Comprehensive financial preparedness in the Philippines 124
• 3.2.8. Climate and disaster-resilient development in Vanuatu 128
• 3.2.9 Supporting decentralization and strengthening local government for effective local climate action in Guinea 132
• Conclusion 135
• An opportunity to replicate successes and scale up action 135
• Appendix 136
• Adaptation and resilience (A&R) readiness assessment methodology 136
• References 139
• Figure ES.4. Summary of country performance in the six A&R pillars 19
• Figure ES.3. The Adaptation Principles Framework 19
• Figure ES.2. Share of population at high risk from climate-related hazards, 2010–21 16
• Figure ES.1. Share of population that is exposed and highly vulnerable by region, 2021 14
• Figure 1. Changes in global mean temperature and sea level 28
• Figure 2. Projected total labor productivity impact due to heat stress in CCDR countries by 2050, under a hot/dry future 31
• Figure 3. Income losses for the poorest 40 percent in each country and scenario 32
• Figure 4. Framework for identifying people at high risk from climate-related hazards 33
• Figure 5. Share of population that is exposed and highly vulnerable by region, 2021 33
• Figure 6. Share of population at high risk from climate-related hazards, 2010–21 34
• Figure 7. Framework for mainstreaming adaptation within development 38
• Figure 8. Share of people with high vulnerability to, or at high risk from climate-related hazards 40
• Figure 9. Risk to assets and well-being, and socioeconomic resilience across the world 41
• Figure 10. Additional people living in extreme poverty due to climate change by 2030, under two climate scenarios 42
• Figure 11. Share of population exposed to any climate hazard, by country income group 44
• Figure 12. Evolution of urban settlement in areas exposed to different risk levels, by country income group 45
• Figure 13. Incremental cost of increasing the resilience of future infrastructure investments 45
• Figure 14. Socioeconomic resilience and well-being risks from natural hazards, by country income group 46
• Figure 15. Investment needs for resilient low-emission development in CCDR countries 50
• Figure 16. The Adaptation Principles Framework 58
• Figure 17. A&R readiness assessment results across 44 countries 60
• Figure 18. GDP per capita and overall A&R score 62
• Figure 19. Average score for each action area within Priority Area 1: Facilitate the adaptation of people and firms 63
• Figure 20. Average score for each action area within Priority 2: Adapt land use plans and protect critical public assets and services 65
• Figure 21. Average score for each action area within Priority 3: Help firms and people manage residual risks and natural hazards 69
• Figure 22. Countries reporting the existence of a multi-hazard early warning system 72
• Figure 23. Average score for each action area within Priority Area 4: Manage financial and macrofiscal issues 73
• Figure 24. Average score for each action area within Application: prioritization, implementation, and monitoring progress 75
• Figure 25. Generic value chain of hydromet services 102
• Figure 27. Early action as part of the resilience and response continuum 115
• Figure 28. Philippines DRFI strategy 125
• Figure 29. Philippines risk-layering strategy 126
• Box ES.1. 17
• Capturing the full picture of adaptation financing 17
• Box 1. 27
• Defining Adaptation and Resilience (A&R) 27
• Box 2 59
• A&R readiness assessment to inform Côte d’Ivoire’s national adaptation plan (NAP) development 59
• Box 3 67
• Tools and frameworks to make infrastructure more resilient 67
• Box 4 68
• Nature-based solutions for climate resilience 68
• Box 5 71
• Early warning system benefit analysis in Indonesia 71
• Box 6 73
• The European Central Bank: advancements in climate stress tests 73
• Box 7 78
• Locally led adaptation action 78
• Box 8 82
• Cross-sectoral analysis of adaptation impacts and effectiveness 82
• Table ES.1. A 10 percent increase in gdp per capita is associated with improvements in various risk or resilience metrics 15
• Table ES.2. Overview of case studies on public sector-led A&R programs 23
• Table 4. PBC4 targets and financing 134
• Table A.1. Summary of country A&R readiness scores 137
• Table 3. Casualties from natural hazards in Indonesia, per event and per 100,000 people 71
• Table 2. A&R readiness assessment: the 44 countries included in the report 59
• Table 1. A 10 percent increase in gdp per capita is associated with improvements in various risk or resilience metrics 43