Climate change has made delivering better development in Madagascar ever more urgent. This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) finds that Madagascar’s aspiration to evolve into an emerging country by 2040 will be derailed unless it can bolster its resilience to intensifying climate shocks to safeguard its modest development gains and boost economic growth. The high frequency of extreme climate shocks since the 1970s has led to significant macroeconomic disturbances and weak growth. This CCDR examines the implications of future climate change for Madagascar’s growth, and the potential benefits of both structural reforms and adaptation investments. It outlines three priority areas for building resilience to climate change, and calculates the costs needed to achieve this. It provides detailed recommendations for finding the finance required, as well as for implementing the policy challenges identified.
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Related Organizations
- Citation
- “ World Bank Group . 2024 . Madagascar Country Climate and Development Report . CCDR Series . © Washington, DC: World Bank . http://hdl.handle.net/10986/42263 License: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO . ”
- Collection(s)
- Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs)
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1596/42263
- Identifier externaldocumentum
- 34404348
- Identifier internaldocumentum
- 34404348
- Pages
- 108
- Published in
- United States of America
- Region country
- Madagascar
- RelationisPartofseries
- CCDR Series
- Report
- 194085
- Rights
- CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO
- Rights Holder
- World Bank
- Rights URI
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/
- UNIT
- AFR ENR PM 3 (SAEE3)
- URI
- https://hdl.handle.net/10986/42263
- date disclosure
- 2024-10-21
- region administrative
- Eastern and Southern Africa
- theme
- Social Inclusion,Mitigation,Gender,Human Development and Gender,Social Development and Protection,Environment and Natural Resource Management,Indigenous People and Ethnic Minorities,Environmental policies and institutions,Climate change,Adaptation
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Table of Contents
- Foreword 6
- Acknowledgments 7
- Acronyms and Abbreviations 9
- Executive Summary 13
- Madagascar is especially vulnerable to climate change 13
- A blueprint for urgent action 16
- Priority Area 1: Ensuring Climate Resilience in Key Sectors 17
- Priority Area 2: Achieving Institutional and Policy Climate Readiness 19
- Priority Area 3: Securing Climate Finance and Mobilizing the Private Sector 20
- Recommendations 23
- 1. Madagascar’s Dual Climate and Development Challenge 29
- 1.1. Madagascar’s Development Ambitions and Challenges 30
- 1.2. Climate Change and Variability in Madagascar 34
- 1.2.1. Climate change is already a reality in Madagascar: Observed trends 35
- 1.2.2. Future climate in Madagascar 39
- 2. Are Madagascar’s Policies and Institutions Ready for the Climate Crisis? 41
- 2.1. Climate Governance in Madagascar: A Gap Analysis 42
- 2.2. Madagascar’s Approach to Disaster Risk Management 44
- 2.3. Priority Actions to Improve Madagascar’s Climate and DRM Governance 46
- 3. Climate-Resilient Development Pathways for Madagascar 49
- 3.1. Water, Food, and Energy Security in a Changing Climate 50
- 3.1.1. The future of Malagasy agriculture under climate change 52
- 3.1.2. Making hydropower work for development and energy security 56
- 3.2. Scaling Up the Coastal and Blue Economy 59
- 3.3. Creating Vibrant, Climate-Resilient Cities 62
- 3.3.1. Climate and disaster risk trends in urban areas 62
- 3.3.2. Key constraints to climate-resilient urban growth 63
- 3.3.3. A way forward for creating vibrant, climate-resilient cities 65
- 3.4. Towards a Climate-resilient, Multimodal Transport System 66
- 3.4.1. Climate-vulnerable transport infrastructure 66
- 3.4.2. Investment and reforms to increase transport resilience 67
- 3.5. Investing in Human Capital Growth under a Changing Climate 69
- 3.5.1. Social protection to build climate resilience and cope with shocks 70
- 3.5.2. Proactively addressing the health impacts of climate change 72
- 3.5.3. Educating for climate change: Investing in Madagascar’s future 74
- 4. Whole of-Economy and Poverty Impacts of Climate Change 77
- 4.1. Estimating Future Macroeconomic Impacts of Climate Change 77
- 4.1.1. How severe climate shocks affect Madagascar’s economy 77
- 4.1.2. Modeling Madagascar’s economy under different climate and policy scenarios 77
- 4.2. Poverty and Inequality in a Changing Climate 83
- 5. Financing Madagascar’s Climate Transition 87
- 5.1. Key Sources of Climate Finance for Madagascar 88
- 5.1.1. Insurance and risk management products 90
- 5.1.2. Voluntary carbon markets 91
- 5.1.3. Innovative climate finance solutions 92
- 5.2. Fiscal Policy and Reforms to Support Climate-Resilient Growth 93
- 5.3. Managing Climate-related Financial Risks 98
- 6. Recommendations 101
