This is because under the SFC, firms had to report the number of workers receiving the benefit and the amount paid to each in order to deduct the transfer from payroll taxes. [...] Moreover, wages are renego- tiated more often because of persistent inflation.8 Figure I.1b describes the evolution of the upper bracket thresholds from 2003 to 2011, jointly with the evolution of the 7Figure I.1a presents the parameters defining the AAFF transfer scheme for the early years of our data. [...] The situation before the reform is well- documented in a book compiled by the SSA: “...the old system (SFC) blurred the State’s role as the entity responsible for the benefits. [...] We use the same framework to compute the first-stage change in the transfer, us- ing the monthly transfer gap of workers with and without children as the dependent variable. [...] The 2SLS is the Wald estimate, where we scale the reduced-form by the first-stage change in the transfer.
Authors
- Pages
- 103
- Published in
- United Kingdom
Table of Contents
- IFS WP Cover.pdf 1
- WP202028-A-second-chance-Labor-market-returns-to-adult-education-using-school-reforms 1
- WP202027-Potential-consequences-of-post-Brexit-trade-barriers-for-earnings-inequality-in-the-UK 1
- WP201902-Survival-pessimism-and-the-demand-for-annuities 1
- WP front cover 1
- odeaSturrockRestatResubmission.pdf -1
- Introduction 1
- Data 1
- Evaluating the content of subjective reports 1
- Assessing the accuracy of subjective expectations of survival 1
- Comparing reports to actual mortality data 1
- Constructing subjective survival curves 1
- Subjective survival expectations and annuitization 1
- Model 1
- Results 1
- Conclusion 1
- Details of further analysis and tests from Section 2 1
- Analysis of ``50%" answers 1
- Correlation of subjective reports with risk factors, new information, subsequent mortality and holdings of life insurance 1
- Robustness of results from Section 4.2 1
- Robustness of main results to using ONS life tables without rescaling 1
- Definition of model including utility from housing consumption 1
- Further robustness of main results 1
- Computational Appendix 1
- Recursive Form of the Model 1
- Periods after annuitization decision has been made 1
- Initial Period 1
- Computational Implementation 1
- returning_to_education_2020_8_DP.pdf -1
- Introduction 1
- Norwegian Register Data and Education in Norway 1
- Norwegian Register Data 1
- The Norwegian Education System 1
- Descriptive Evidence on Returning to Education and Lifetime Earnings 1
- Who returns to education and at what ages? 1
- What qualifications do individuals return to? 1
- Years of Education and University Education 1
- Describing the Lifetime Earnings of Those Who Return to Education 1
- Final Year of Upper Secondary Education 1
- Late Completion of Higher Education 1
- Returning to education and labor market outcomes 1
- Defining the counterfactual 1
- Empirical Specification 1
- Defining the sample 1
- Accounting for comparability of different birth cohorts 1
- Controlling for differences in local economic conditions 1
- The Estimated Impact of Educational Reforms on Education and Labor Market Outcomes 1
- Reducing the Gender Earnings Gap 1
- The Channels From Later Life Education to Labor Market Outcomes 1
- The impact on later life education, earnings and employment 1
- Distribution of Occupations in +14 1
- The Estimated Impact of Educational Reforms on Fertility 1
- The impact of returning to education on women’s earnings and employment 1
- Employment Impacts by Pre-Reform Labor Market Attachment 1
- Employment Impacts by Pre-Reform Number of Children 1
- Heterogeneity and Robustness of Results 1
- Completion of post-secondary education 1
- Heterogeneity in Returning to Education 1
- Reduced-Form Impacts on Labor Market Outcomes for Men 1
- Robustness to Varying 1
- Comparing to Older Base Ages 1
- Conclusion 1
- Summary Statistics By Gender and Age Completed High School 1
- Adolescent Fertility Across OECD Founding Member States & Finland 1
- Returning to University Education 1
- Describing Lifetime Earnings - Academic/Vocational and by Gender 1
- Academic 1
- Vocational 1
- Distribution of Labor Earnings 1
- Estimated Propensity Scores 1
- Baseline Results for Men—Education 1
- The cumulative effect on earnings 1
- The Correlation Between Employment and Children 1
- Completion of Higher Education 1
- Occupations 1
- Importance of Additional Factors 1
- Baseline Results for Men—Labor Market Outcomes 1
- Robustness 1
- Varying Delta 1
- Using Older Birth Cohorts 1
- LndnLockdown_260820.pdf -1
- Introduction 1
- Timing of Lockdown 1
- Domestic Violence Crimes Recorded by the London MPS 1
- Empirical Model and Findings 1
- Using Google Search Data 1
- A Framework 1
- Help-Seeking Behavior Across Regimes 1
- Relating Internet Searches to Police Reports 1
- Data and Algorithm 1
- Findings 1
- Robustness 1
- Conclusions 1
- MPS Domestic Violence Crime Data 1
- Weather Data 1
- Garriga-Tortarolo-2024-IFSwp.pdf 2
- Introduction 3
- Institutional setting, reform, and framework 7
- Family allowances in Argentina (AAFF) 7
- The reform: A staggered change in the payment system 8
- Conceptual framework: Incidence under misperceptions of benefits 10
- Administrative data 11
- Empirical strategy and results 12
- Event definition and empirical roll-out 12
- Estimation strategy 13
- First stage, reduced form, and pass-through 15
- Potential mechanisms 18
- Confusion channel 18
- Potential alternative explanations 20
- Conclusion 22
- Family allowances in Argentina 40
- Macroeconomic and historical context 42
- Employer-mediated schemes around the world 43
- Incorporation process 45
- Conceptual framework 48
- Incidence model with misperception of benefits 49
- Comparing competing channels 52
- Econometric specification 54
- Extensions 57
- Other sub-samples 57
- Heterogeneity-robust diff-in-diffs methods 59
- Children turn 18: becoming ineligible 60
- Addressing pre-event trends 62
- Other responses 63
- Delinquency rates 63
- Bunching at notches 64
- Appendix Figures and Tables 66
