For example, the various aspects of climate change interact and exacerbate the impacts of other pressures.20 The Office for Environmental Protection 11 OFFICIAL OFFICIAL • Land use change: the intensive management of agricultural land including through the damage, loss, and conversion of seminatural habitats, is the foremost driver of biodiversity decline in the UK since 1970.20 These changes have. [...] The consequence of the historic and ongoing impact of these multiple pressures is demonstrated by the toxic blue-green algal bloom and loss of the Lough Negah fly in 2023.77 The Office for Environmental Protection 30 OFFICIAL OFFICIAL 5. [...] This included legislation derived from the EU including the Birds and Habitats Directives.62,80 Similarly, the establishment of the island of Ireland as an ‘ecoregion’ for the purpose of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC66),81 was evidenced as recognition of the drive for coordinated action. [...] Marine Protected Areas in Lough Foyle and Carlingford Lough were also identified as indicative of the negative driver of the lack of legislative precision in relation to regulation/licensing for certain activities due to the lack of clarity in relation to the border between NI and RoI. [...] The potential for divergence was, also exemplified through the Levelling Up & Regeneration Act,84 the Energy Bill,85 and the Retained EU Law Act.86 At the time of the CFE the lack of a Stormont Executive and Assembly created further uncertainty with responses citing the unknown implications of these statutes in NI.
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Table of Contents
- Drivers and pressures affecting terrestrial 1
- Northern Ireland Summary of call for 1
- Box 1 Questions included in the Call for Evidence CFE on the drivers and pressures affecting biodiversity in Northern Ireland. 4
- Error Reference source not found. 5
- Societal values relating to nature 8
- Demographics 8
- Technological innovations 8
- Economics 8
- Governance market interactions 9
- Governance local community coordination 9
- Governance government 9
- Land use change 9
- Resource exploitation 9
- Climate change 9
- Pollution 10
- Invasive species 10
- Governance translating international commitments 11
- Land use change 12
- Climate change 12
- Pollution 12
- Invasive species 12
- Resource exploitation 12
- Agriculture policy past present future 14
- Governance political instability and a lack of political will 16
- 100 16
- 200 16
- 300 16
- 400 16
- 500 16
- 2001 16
- 2002 16
- 2003 16
- 2004 16
- 2005 16
- 2006 16
- 2007 16
- 2008 16
- 2009 16
- 2010 16
- 2011 16
- 2012 16
- 2013 16
- 2014 16
- 2015 16
- 2016 16
- 2017 16
- 2018 16
- 2019 16
- 2020 16
- 2021 16
- 2022 16
- Thousand hectares 16
- Environmental Farming Scheme NI Countryside Management Scheme and Countryside Management Scheme 16
- New Environmentally Sensitive Areas Scheme Organic Farming Scheme 16
- Governance enforcement and independence 17
- Governance poor coherence within and between departments 17
- Governance translating international commitments 18
- Financing and resourcing 18
- Legislative framework 19
- Error Reference source not found. 20
- Peoples disconnect with nature 20
- Land use agriculture 20
- Land use planning and development 21
- Retained PPS Light Sound 22
- Land use hydromorphological change 22
- Land use burning and wildfire 23
- Land use forestry 23
- Pollution - atmospheric 23
- Pollution - water 24
- Pollution pesticides and herbicides 24
- Pollution - light 25
- Pollution - waste 25
- Natural resource exploitation recreation 25
- Natural resource exploitation aggregate extraction 26
- Natural resource exploitation commercial and leisure fishing 26
- Natural resource exploitation peat extraction 27
- Pollution chemicals including pesticides herbicides 27
- Invasive species 27
- Climate change 28
- Other pathogens 29
- Other wildlife persecution 29
- Climate change as a compounding pressure 30
- Nutrient enrichment and habitat loss 30
- Case study Lough Neagh 30
- Governance conventions agreements and legislation 31
- Governance divergence in legislation policy and implementation 32
- Natural resource extraction peat extraction 32
- Land use hydromorphological changes 33
- Pollution atmospheric deposition of ammonia 33
- Land use and natural resource extraction persecution 33
- Gaps in data and definitions 33
- 2020 35
- 2016 36
- 2021 37
- 2017 37
- 2022 38
- 2023 38
- 2020 39
- 2009 39
- 2017 40
