Such methods are of particular interest for the understudied Cynodontia, a group of therapsids that survived the end-Permian extinction event to radiate during the Triassic, with later Mammalian origination. [...] With Thrinaxodon liorhinus exhibiting the most abundant cynodont fossil record, it thus facilitates study of brain, inner ear and neurovascular anatomy (figure 1) to identify these changes and permits further understanding of the evolution of sensory capabilities and subsequent behavioural patterns. [...] Moreover, the methodology provides opportunity to discover biases in digital reconstruction techniques resulting from the software used and the subjectivity of the model maker. [...] volumetric analyses within Avizo and CloudCompare assess size and shape changes for individual parts of the brain and inner ear, with calculation of encephalisation quotients (a measure of relative cognitive ability) and best hearing frequencies possible for comparison with more recent cynodont genera and the modern Monodelphis domestica (figure 2). [...] Study of a digital skulls over a plethora of size cranial endocast of the non-mammaliaform cynodontBrasilitherium riograndensis (Later Triassic, Brazil) and its Thrinaxodon liorhinus Monodelphis domestica ranges and temporal relevance to the evolution of the mammalian brain.
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