Growth Beacons: How Urban Innovation Districts Can Create and Spread Prosperity 5 Introducing Innovation Districts A Brief History of Innovation Districts However, the greater prominence of Innovation st Over the last 30 years, many cities around the Districts today reflects the nature of the 21 world have tried to create dynamic Innovation century innovation-based economy, which has Districts to. [...] Innovation activity – and high productivity firms – tend to be The UK does well in research, science quality in concentrated in the south-east, which has also many frontier fields, and universities - with dominated in terms of both infrastructure typically four in the top ten of the annual QS investment and public R&D funding.15 Few Ranking, and is developing a vibrant ecosystem districts have ver. [...] In the past, less attention Procurement Empowerment Centre provides was paid to issues of inclusivity and equity in advice and training to public anchor institutions relation to innovation districts as cities focused to overcome challenges in procurement on generating growth as an antidote to innovation – acknowledging the innovation this unemployment and urban decay. [...] Development corporations exist all over the world and they played important roles in the UK, from the New Town Development Corporations in the 1940s to the Urban Development Corporations in the 1980s and 1990s. [...] We aimed to map the empirical literature on Innovation Districts and then synthesise the evidence on the economic and social impacts of Innovation Districts.
- Pages
- 119
- Published in
- United Kingdom
Table of Contents
- Executive Summary 30
- Introduction 30
- Aims and Approach 30
- Results 30
- Conclusions and implications 31
- 1. Introduction 35
- 1.1 What are Innovation Districts? 35
- 1.2 How are Innovation Districts thought to ‘work’? 35
- 1.3 How can we measure the success of Innovation Districts? 36
- 2. Aim and Research Questions 37
- 3. Methods 37
- 3.1 Overall Approach 37
- 4. Results 40
- 4.1 Descriptive Results – Mapping out what we know about Innovation Districts 40
- 4.2 Forms and typologies of Innovation Districts 42
- 4.2.1 Evidence from existing systematic reviews 42
- 4.2.2 Evidence from primary studies 43
- 4.3 Examining the economic performance of Innovation Districts – short-term outcomes 44
- 4.3.1 Research and Development Jobs 44
- 4.3.2 Number of organisations 48
- 4.3.3 Size and density of social and innovation networks and collaborations 50
- 4.3.4 Research and Development Capital Investment 51
- 4.4 Examining the economic performance of Innovation Districts – longer-term outcomes 53
- 4.4.1 Job creation 53
- 4.4.2 Changes in Local GDP 55
- 4.4.3 Patents issued 56
- 4.4.4 Overarching indices of economic performance of Innovation Districts 57
- 4.4.5 Poverty and educational and economic opportunities 58
- 4.4.5.1 Educational opportunities and capacity building 58
- 4.4.5.2 Poverty and economic inequalities 59
- 4.5 Examining the broader impacts of Innovation Districts 60
- 4.5.1 Innovation Districts and the creation of communities invested in innovation 60
- 4.5.1.1 Innovation Districts as communities with economic resources and civic amenities 60
- 4.5.1.2 Innovation Districts as Social Enclaves 61
- 4.5.1.3 Innovation Districts and Experiments in Urban Lifestyles 63
- 4.5.1.4 Ways of enhancing the embeddedness of Innovation Districts within communities 64
- 4.5.2 Housing 66
- 4.5.3 Environmental impact and transport 69
- 4.6 Identifying characteristics of successful Innovation Districts 70
- 4.6.1 Identification of successful Innovation Districts: Reanalysis of the Atlas of Innovation (31) 70
- 4.6.2 Factors explored in examining why some Innovation Districts succeed more than others and analytical method 71
- 4.6.3 Analysis and solution 74
- 5 Conclusions 77
- 5.1 Summary 77
- 5.2 Strengths and limitations 81
- 5.3 Implications 82
- 5.4 Conclusions 84
- Conflicts of interest 86
- References 87
- Appendices 93
- Appendix 1 – Detailed methods 93
- Searches 93
- Further details on types of study to be included 93
- Examining inclusion and exclusion criteria regarding case studies 93
- Overall inclusion and exclusion criteria 94
- Identification of relevant records 94
- Risk of bias (quality) assessment 95
- Data extraction 95
- Initial coding for mapping and methodological exercise 95
- Data Extraction for Studies included in Main Synthesis 96
- Strategy for data synthesis 96
- Appendix 2 – Flow of studies in the review 98
- Appendix 3 – Characteristics of studies 99
- Appendix 4 – Further analysis of the impact of Innovation Districts on Research and Development Jobs 117
