The following is a summary of key findings on factors of resilience and vulnerability to exploitation and trafficking in the cities examined under this study, which aim to contribute to a better understanding of the experiences of people who fled the war in Ukraine and offer insights for designing interventions by United Nations (UN) organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and nation. [...] In section 5 of this report we provide a brief overview of these findings to better contextualize the subsequent discussion on factors of vulnerability and resilience Vulnerability and resilience to exploitation and trafficking among people fleeing Ukraine in Berlin, Bern and Warsaw 5 private accommodation providers and in colle. [...] Already before Russia’s full-scale invasion, criminal networks in Ukraine were reportedly involved in human trafficking.9 Further, analysis indicates a link between the displacement of individuals from Ukraine in 2014 and 2015 due to the conflict in the Eastern region and an increase in the detection of trafficking in persons (TIP) from Ukraine to Western and Central Europe in subsequent years.10. [...] Methodology The study applied a mixed-methods approach to better understand the risks of trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants in the context of the journeys of Ukrainians and non-Ukrainians fleeing the country since the full-scale invasion began. [...] Trafficking in Persons/Human trafficking: According to the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol, trafficking in persons is defined as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving.
Related Organizations
- Pages
- 46
- Published in
- Switzerland
Table of Contents
- MMC Research Report August 2024 1
- Acknowledgements 3
- Contents 4
- Tables and figures 4
- 1. Summary and key findings 5
- Factors of vulnerability to exploitation and trafficking 5
- Factors of resilience to exploitation and trafficking 6
- 2. Introduction 7
- 3. Methodology 9
- 3.1 Desk review 9
- 3.2 Quantitative data collection 9
- Survey questionnaire 9
- Respondents profiles 9
- Sampling strategy and locations 11
- 3.3 Qualitative data collection 11
- Key informant interviews 11
- 3.4 Limitations 12
- 3.5 Terminology 12
- 4. General findings on risks of exploitation and trafficking 13
- Forced labour 13
- Labour law violations 13
- Sexual exploitation 14
- 5. Factors of vulnerability and resilience to exploitation and trafficking 14
- 5.1 Vulnerability factors 15
- Personal 15
- Women and children 15
- Disabled and elderly people 16
- Illustrative case study 1 Abuse of a Ukrainian woman with a disability by her husband in Germany 16
- Non-Ukrainian Nationals 17
- Ukrainian Roma 17
- Trauma 17
- Situational 17
- Financial pressure 17
- Limited access to decent work 20
- I. Language barriers 22
- II. Difficulties finding skill-appropriate work 22
- Illustrative Case study 2 Ukrainian mans experience of precarious working conditions in Poland 24
- Insufficient awareness of labour laws and rights 24
- Illustrative Case study 4 Non-payment of wages in Bern 26
- Distrust of authority 26
- Contextual 27
- Insecure housing 27
- I. Private hosting scheme 27
- Illustrative Case study 5 Forced labour on a farm in Bern 29
- II. Collective accommodation 29
- Illustrative Case study 6 Exploitation of a girl by her father at a refugee camp in Bern 30
- III. Employer-provided accommodation 31
- Illustrative Case study 7 Forced labour at a hotel in Bern Canton 32
- Challenges accessing temporary protection status 32
- I. Non-Ukrainian Third Country Nationals 32
- II. Ukrainian Roma 33
- III. Issues with documents bureaucratic hurdles 33
- Illustrative Case study 8 Sexual abuse in private accommodation in Spain with the person fleeing to Bern losing temporary protection status 34
- Decreasing solidarity within host communities 34
- 5.2 Resilience factors 35
- Social support networks within community including communication channels 35
- Visa free travel and temporary protection status 36
- I. Visa free travel and low journey costs 37
- II. Temporary protection 38
- Anti-trafficking responses adopted by nationallocal authorities civil society 38
- Berlin 38
- Warsaw 39
- Bern 39
- 6. Recommendations 40
- Information campaigns and education 40
- Enhancing accessibility to support services 40
- Facilitating employment opportunities 41
- Addressing the need for secure accommodation 41
- Specific needs and vulnerabilities 41
- 7. Conclusion 42
- Annex 1. List of key informant interviews 43
- Bern 19 43
- Warsaw 15 44
- Berlin 21 45
- International 21 45
