The W E a u y r o o H

Although there are different attitudes towards the precise role of the state across Europe, on the whole Europeans see the state as having a responsibility to prevent market failures and to 4 provide a social safety-net in case of failure – because the state is understood to have a duty of care to protect public goods and preserve civic spaces, both of which are understood to be the conditions for. [...] The piece by Steffen Krüger and Niamh Ní Bhroin addresses the relationship between wearable trackers and the emergence of a new kind of surveillance: one in which the traditional collectivi- sation of risk through insurance is transformed by the relentless tracking of health and performance, thereby leading to new forms of segregation and the gradual erosion of the norms of solidarity. [...] The effectiveness The effectiveness of democracy as a platform is that rather of democracy as a than trying to fight against the exponential power of automa- platform is that rather tion and globalisation, it employs the same digital methods than trying to fight and organising tools, but at the service of everyone. [...] The power to determine these criteria is the power to shape the landscape of information in the digital public sphere, and as a result, to have a major influence on users’ perception of the world. [...] It is possible to design and operate spaces with an updated the algorithms and software that constitute the digital public understanding of human sphere as if they were social utilities – with the goals of the needs and the values of service provider aligned with the goals of the user and with an open digital society.