N O C L E A N H A N

The Arab Spring of 2011 was a turning point in the configuration of Middle Eastern power, and the study examines the subsequent decade of intervention. [...] treaty ally in the Middle East — and was the most interventionist power by the end of the decade following the Arab Spring. [...] But by the end of the decade, Emirati forces were also involved in Libya and Yemen, while Emirati-trained forces were fighting in Syria and the Sahel.18 Turkey actually experienced a sharp decline in interventionism at the beginning of the decade, due to the end of 17 Feierstein, Gerald M. [...] A similar pattern holds for the rise and fall of combat deaths in the region: Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Project.22 The UCDP defines the boundaries of the Middle East slightly differently than the HIIK does; the red line indicates conflict deaths counted by the UCDP within the boundaries of the Middle East as defined by the HIIIK. [...] The next year, Israel similarly launched an air campaign to help Egypt fight off ISIS in the Sinai.23 The rise of ISIS also caused a resumption of the Turkish–Kurdish conflict, reflecting the Turkish state’s anxiety about the role of the Kurdistan Workers Party, or PKK, in the fight against ISIS in Syria and violence inside Turkey that the Syrian conflict caused.24 Finally, several states interven.