CHINA PERCEPTION STUDY KEY FINDINGS

The country is bounded to the north by Mongolia; to the 6 | CHINA PERCEPTION STUDY KEY FINDINGS northeast by Russia and North Korea; to the east by the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea; to the southeast by the South China Sea; to the south by Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, India, Bhutan, and Nepal; to the southwest by Pakistan; and the west by Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. [...] The General Financial Rules of the Federal Government and the delegation of financial power rules In the late 1990s, however, public procurement was now seen as a critical function of the state institutions as public procurement expenditure share continues to grow in the government expenditure. [...] The major criticism of the PPRA ordinance and rules is the lack of coherence between the two. [...] The ordinance just establishes the procurement authority but fails to define the main regime of procurement, which must have been included in the ordinance to strengthen the base for the PPRA rules. [...] To bridge the growing deficit between the cost of the infrastructure and the resources available, and to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in the delivery of infrastructure services, Public-Private Partnerships have emerged as a growing element of public sector procurement.