Traditional municipal sweepers in Faisalabad and Karachi

study, it refers to individuals and communities that These groups may have nothing else in common represent and have represented the bulk, if not all, of except for the fact that they happen to have provided the workers employed in the category of ‘sweeper’ by most, if not all, of the workforce of municipal municipal bodies in the two cities. [...] A brief description of survey sites and communities is What is the relationship between waste work and provided in the succeeding section, and the following social status? Are waste workers marginalised due to one after that focuses on various aspects of the the work they do, or are workers from the most working lives of individuals from traditional socially and politically marginalised communitie. [...] The penultimate section of this paper marginality, and for a proper understanding of the returns to the initial question about work and status, sector as well as how changes in technology and and lastly, conclusions are offered in the final section. [...] Faisalabad Following the availability of vaccines and the The city of Lyallpur was established as an agricultural lowering of the risk of infection it was decided to market town to service newly irrigated farmland in conduct in-person interviews while following safety between the Ravi and Chenab rivers in western protocols which were stronger than existing official Punjab in the late 1880s. [...] In rural communities across South Asia the The boundary between street cleaning and solid task of manually removing the night soil from the waste disposal on the one hand and sanitation work houses of well-off residents and that of disposing off on the other is a critical one in how traditional animal carcasses was assigned to the same set of municipal sweepers communities understand and workers.