This whitepaper offers an in-depth, comprehensive review of the urban wastewater situation, which includes the current scenario of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse; the existing legal and policy frameworks and institutional setup for wastewater management; the different types of treatment systems and their performance; and pathways for collaborations and engagements between i. [...] In the case of wastewater reuse, the percentage of treated wastewater reuse is higher in the upper middle (25%) and lower middle income (25%) countries than in the high-income countries (19%); while the low- income countries are only able to reuse 8% of the treated wastewater. [...] Increased accountability and the introduction of the concept of commercializing management in the water supply and sanitation sector were the key drivers for the creation of WSSBs. [...] 3.2.1 Initiatives of the Government of India “Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 (amended 1988)”: The Central and State Pollution Control Boards (CPCB and SPCBs) were established as a result of this Act to provide guidance, oversee compliance with, and enforce laws governing the treatment and disposal of sewage and industrial effluent. [...] For instance, the performance audit report of ULBs by the Comptroller and Audit General (2017) in the state of Tamil Nadu finds that the shortage of manpower in municipalities affected the revenue collection and delivery of citizen services.
- Pages
- 108
- Published in
- India
