S P A C E T H R E AT

By that time, the satellites of the Department of Defense and of the Intelligence Community operated and reported almost instantly, and the military services developed the equipment and techniques to acquire, ana- lyze, and distribute space system information very quickly. [...] It calls for the creation of a Space Command within the Air Force and the renaming of the Air Force to the Air and Space Force. [...] While the source of the spoofing remains unconfirmed, one expert traced the epi- center of the crop circle pattern to a non- operational smokestack near the port and speculates that it could be the origin of these GPS attacks.107 GPS jamming and spoofing requires a direct line of sight to the target receiver. [...] of weapons in outer space” as a princi-Russian Aerospace Forces, the branch of pal task for the Russian state in its mil- When asked about the culture of cor- the Russian armed services tasked with itary doctrine.151 Although Russia and ruption at Roscosmos, the director of military operations in the space domain. [...] In a presenta- Tasked with the pursuit of international the United States dismissed the propos- tion to students at Moscow University cooperation with space partners around al as a “diplomatic ploy,” and refused to in May 2019, the agency’s director an- the world, Roscosmos is one of five prin- support it.152 In 2014, Russia and China nounced the country’s plans to invest in cipal partners that su.