Between Power Projection and Regional Rivalries. Saudi Arabia’s Engagement in the Horn of Africa

In this context, Riyadh considers the region on the western side of the Red Sea as its direct neighbourhood, which has gained geostrategic rele- vance against the backdrop of the war in Yemen and is viewed as part of the Saudi sphere of influence. [...] This is now to change: In the context of multipolar competition in the region, it is likely that the Saudi leadership will pursue a strategy similar to that of the UAE, heightening the risk of an intensified rivalry between the two powers. [...] Riyadh’s economic policy course is increasing the rivalry with the UAE and Qatar, both of which are pursuing a similar business model of economic liberalisation and diversification in the region.8 The Horn of Africa as part of the Saudi sphere of influence In this broader foreign policy concept, Riyadh increasingly regards the Horn of Africa as a priority. [...] In addition, the “Arab Uprisings” in 2011 and the Gulf crisis in 2017 caused conflicts to intensify between the UAE and Saudi Arabia on the one hand, and Qatar on the other. [...] The expulsion of East African migrants and the rivalry between the Gulf monarchies and Iran in the Horn also affect Germany’s diplomatic approaches in the region.