Why Students Aren’t Learning What They Need for a Productive Life

The predominant objectives of the education system included limited skill development for Africanizing the state bureaucracy, deracializing schools and the curriculum, and nation-building through the promotion of Swahili as the language of instruction in primary schools. [...] Technocratic policymaking hindering fundamental changes in Peru One of the main elements in the political economy of quality and learning reforms has been the gradual transformation of the Ministry of Education and of the education policy arena in general. [...] The emergence of a technocracy in the MoE has its roots in the early 1990s, with the establishment of PLANMED, the Strategic Planning and Educational Quality Measurement office of the Ministry of Education, which would later become the Strategic Planning Secretariat. [...] Historically and up to the present, features of the production and consumption of mass media, specialized media, and new media in Vietnam have—at times—had the practical effect of strengthening the coherence of the education system for learning. [...] The preamble to the policy set education provision within a framework of regional and global competitiveness, in which ‘the quality improvement of our human resources must be the first priority.’44 It was in stark contrast to the New Order priority of ‘creating the true Pancasila individual’.45 The speed of the shift was startling.