European Labor Markets: How Can We Effectively Manage Technological and Structural Change?

In many ent,” begins with a careful assessment of the emer- services, there are residual craft elements that con- gence of capabilities in the cyber-physical systems tinue to rely on the skill of the “operator,” though in that are the current subjects of research, develop- some cases, the logic of mass production has been ment, and initial deployment. [...] None of the digital automation technologies seem (up to 2021) to be executing tasks implying interac- For each of the technology families identified above, tions with people from “Coaching and developing oth- we built a query that captures the technology, the ers” to the management of human resources (in the tasks carried out, and the applications. [...] For the side from OJV data and the skills provided on the skill “Reading e-mails”, teaching professionals have supply side in PIAAC, we have developed a measure of a skill surplus: the importance of this skill is at the skills mismatch based on the importance of each skill 68th percentile on the demand side and at the 82nd for each occupation. [...] The measure, when applied in the context the frequency of a skill in the job ads for a specific of occupations and skills, can be understood as the occupation, relative to the skill’s frequency in job relevance of a skill for an occupation, relative to all ads in all other occupations. [...] The the deployment of digital technologies and EUR 580 high relevance of job training for developing digital million for courses and training in key digital tech- skills of older workers is suggested by the fact that nologies in higher-education institutions, research differences in training participation among the el- centers, and firms.3 derly explain almost two-thirds of the international Digit.