Quantifying the impact of low- and zero- emission zones in six European cities - for the Clean Cities Campaign and Transport &

9 10-12009C-10 6 May 2023 Quantifying the impacts of LEZs, ZEZs in 6 European Cities 2.3 Defining the Contribution from Other Sources The contribution to concentrations from all other sources in the existing baseline was taken from the background measurements and existing background calculations describ. [...] It should be noted that the scenarios set for London differ from the other cities because of the stringency of the Ultra Low Emission Zone as well as the fact that the city is no longer in the EU. [...] 10-12009C-10 17 May 2023 Quantifying the impacts of LEZs, ZEZs in 6 European Cities 3 Existing Baseline Concentrations at Worst-case Fixed Monitors and the Contributions from Other Sources 3.1 Madrid NO2 Figure 3-1 summarises the measured annual mean NO2 concentrations in 2019 at the fixed monitoring sites as reported to the European Commission. [...] 10-12009C-10 33 May 2023 Quantifying the impacts of LEZs, ZEZs in 6 European Cities The road increment shown in Table 3-5 has been taken to represent the local road contribution to NO2 concentrations, while the ‘Background to Use’ value has been taken to represent the contribution from all other sources. [...] The simplified approach to estimating road-PM2.5 at the Viale Marche site has been to multiply the calculated road-NO2 concentration by the average ratio of road-PM2.5 : road-NO2 used in the other five cities considered in this study.