EFSAS STUDY PAPER No. 7 | September 2023 Towards a

7 | September 2023 Towards a Techno-Diplomatic Future | India and the US as Strategic Partners 2 Towards a Techno-Diplomatic Future | India and the US as Strategic Partners Towards a Techno-Diplomatic Future | India and the US as Strategic Partners Introduction During the Cold War, the bilateral relationship between India and the United States was dominated by antipathy and distrust. [...] During his visit to the US, Modi (2023) highlighted that “India and the US are working together, in space and in the seas, in science and in semiconductors, in start-ups and sustainability, in tech and in trade, in farming and finance, in art and artificial intelligence, in energy and education, in healthcare and humanitarian efforts”. [...] The NPT was aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy by limiting the acquisition of nuclear weapons by non-NWS, calling on NWS to pursue nuclear disarmament efforts in good faith, and asserting the right of non-NWS to access nuclear technology and materials for peaceful applications under the guidelines set by the International Atomic Energ. [...] • The Kargil conflict and beyond The Kargil conflict, fought between India and Pakistan between May and July 1999, had a profound impact on the relationship between Islamabad and Washington and boosted India’s defense and technological relationship with the United States in the long run. [...] Building on the broader aims of the IUCNA and the DTTI, the ISA facilitates cooperative R&D initiatives in the defense sector between India and the US by pooling resources and expertise.