An integrated land-sea approach • We must look beyond the shipping sector as a whole and take an integrated approach to the transition, taking into account the energy supply chain and the key role of ports for producing and providing green energies and services. [...] • The transition to decarbonisation should be based on new business models and new services, especially from banks and funds and including insurance and certification to guarantee the positive impacts of solutions. [...] Establish frameworks for cross boundary transfer of developments in low-carbon and zero-carbon propulsion systems and technologies and fuels and develop strong partnerships between industry, government and research academies to build capacity and exchange knowledge/best practices. [...] Include shipping and logistics within national energy transition plans to incentivise the development of low- and zero-carbon energy production capacities, and storage and refuelling infrastructure in ports and harbours. [...] Use domestic fleets to pilot and test zero-emission fuels and technologies, and help to de-risk and reduce costs for larger, deep-sea transportation.
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