The crime of aggression in the national laws of EU Member States, Genocide Network Observer States and Ukraine : September 2023

(e) The use of armed forces of one State which are […] within the territory of another State with the agreement of the receiving State, in contravention Article 2 of the conditions provided for in the agreement or any extension of their presence in such territory The First use of armed force by a State in contraven- beyond the termination of the agreement; tion of the Charter shall constitute prim. [...] Key elements of the crime of aggression (d) An attack by the armed forces of a State on the land, sea or air forces, or marine and air fleets of another State; (a) Objective elements (e) The use of armed forces of one State which are Section 1 of Article 8bis of the Rome Statute defines within the territory of another State with the the crime of aggression as ‘the planning, prepara- agreement of t. [...] (b) bombardment by the armed forces of a State against the territory of another State or the use 2) For the purposes of the first paragraph, ‘act of of any weapons by a State against the territory aggression’ means: the use of armed violence by of another State; a state against sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence from another state, or the (c) the blockade of the ports or. [...] the invasion or attack by the armed forces of a (e) the use of armed forces of one State which State of respectively on the territory of anoth- are within the territory of another State with er State, or a military occupation, even if that the agreement of the receiving State, in con- of temporary is the nature resulting from such travention of the conditions provided for in the invasion or attack. [...] (4) an attack on the land, sea or air forces, or marine and air fleets of another state; (5) the use of armed forces of one state which are within the territory of another State with the agreement of the receiving state, in contravention of the conditions provided for in the agreement or 25 THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION IN THE NATIONAL LAWS OF EU MEMBER STATES, GENOCIDE NETWORK OBSERVER STATES AND UKRAI.