The Gulf states are key lenders of last resort, playing a significant role in rescuing distressed states in the Middle East, North Africa and beyond since the 1960s. Yet, the scale and geopolitical implications of Gulf bailout assistance are poorly understood. This International Institute for Strategic Studies research paper quantifies and examines in-depth the various ways in which the Gulf states have pursued bailout diplomacy to cultivate influence and shape their wider region.
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- United Kingdom
