A network-based normalized impact measure reveals successful periods of scientific discovery across discipline

Our hypothesis is that the frequent coappearance of two papers in the same reference lists captures the scientific community’s assessment of the topical relatedness of the two papers (9, 11–13). [...] papers and the comparisons of the collected citations need to be We achieve this by quantifying the representation of a field in made yearly, since citation volumes are increasing over time, the set of top papers identified by Ĉ , given the time- and field driven by the exponential growth of science publishing and invariance of Ĉ. [...] In both cases, the corpus of papers refers to PubMed where RCR is available (26), the horizontal black line indicates the entropy for the entire corpus, and the vertical dashed line marks the top 5%. [...] Specifically, it is the fraction of papers in Ĥ that belong and Atmospheric Sciences, Limnology, and Oceanography; ii) to field f and year t, normalized by the fraction of papers of several physics fields, including Fluids and Plasmas Physics, the same group in all the papers. [...] In The C̃ measure uses papers published in the same SC and year as reference implementing our methodology, given the content and structure set and normalizes the number of citations by the average citations of papers of current bibliographic databases, it is easier to calculate our in the set (51, 52).