The suspended particles and water that is retained on the surface of the membrane are treated as retentate, while the dissolved solutes and water that passes through the membrane constitute the permeate. [...] The concentration of these chemicals is dependent on the type of the membrane (its sensitivity to strong chemicals), but also the type of matter to be removed. [...] The water is supplied to the top of the sand-bed and filtered as it flows through layers of graded sand and gravel. [...] Hydraulic backwash: The traditional method of cleaning a filter has been to reverse the flow and bring clean water up from beneath the bottom of the bed at a rate that is sufficient to fluidize the media and shear off the floc. [...] • The amount of activated carbon present and retention time of the treated water in the filter media can decide the 45 Centre for Science and Environment STREAMLINING PATHOGEN MANAGEMENT IN FSTPS effectiveness of filtration.
- Pages
- 80
- Published in
- India
