Atmosphere

An atmosphere (from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmos), meaning 'vapour', and σφαῖρα (sphaira), meaning 'ball' or 'sphere') is a layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body. An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the gravity it is subject to is high and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. The atmosphere of Earth is composed of nitrogen (about 78%), oxygen (about 21%), argon (about 0.9%), carbon dioxide (0.03%) and other gases in trace amounts. Oxygen is used by most organisms …

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Publications

ICRIER: Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations · 2 May 2024 English

In this context, the objective of the present study is to estimate the harvest and postharvest losses of wheat, paddy, maize, and soybean in India and to trace the determinants …

structure has issues of moisture absorption from the atmosphere. In the context of innovative grain storage practices 10th International conference on controlled atmosphere and fumigation in stored products (CAF 2016)


IRENA: International Renewable Energy Agency · 30 April 2024 English

Renewable energy

released later. To avoid net CO2 additions to the atmosphere, the carbon utilisation pathway needs renewable biogenic sources, or captured directly from the atmosphere. Fossil-sourced carbon would make these fuels carbon capture or captured directly from the atmosphere. The need to build a sustainable supply chain approximately 1.4 tonnes of CO₂ were emitted into the atmosphere. That same year, the iron and steel sector alone


CASS: Centre for Aerospace and Security Studies · 29 April 2024 English

On the other hand, the study identifies concentration of IT exports to a few destination markets; limited portfolio of IT products and types of domestic startups; supply and demand mismatch …

compete internationally in a highly competitive atmosphere. Brain Drain The country’s IT labour pool has


MRG: Minority Rights Group International · 26 April 2024 English

The smallest minority group primarily on discrimination in the context of state- is non-Muslims, who make up almost 0.4 percent of minority relations, as this remains a major obstacle to …

did not enjoy this status. As a stark hostile atmosphere is perpetuated by a culture of illustration of create anxiety for illustrate the discriminatory atmosphere faced by different some individuals and families


Jamestown Foundation · 26 April 2024 English

Cheng Lin (程琳), Convener of the National Security Discipline Review Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and former Secretary of the Party Committee and President of …

sense of responsibility and loyalty to the party atmosphere in society. [3] Xi Jinping has strategically


World Bank Group · 25 April 2024 English

This paper proposes an objective way of estimating and allocating “differentiated” responsibilities for carbon emissions across countries. These responsibilities translate into specific obligations and incentives for future emission reductions and …

responsibility both for the carbon that is already in the atmosphere and for what continues to be pumped out than


RAND Corporation · 25 April 2024 English

This report summarises the findings of a RAND study on the intersection of emerging technologies with the space domain out to 2040. It considers the implications of future technology trends …

farms to harness the sun’s energy above the atmosphere and transmit this power back to Earth.  Semiconductors


World Bank Group · 25 April 2024 English

Air pollution by release of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere through melting of materials if not properly Air pollution by release of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere through melting of materials if not properly


MP-IDSA: Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses · 25 April 2024 English

During the last ten years, several issues such as the Arab Spring, the emergence and spread of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the COVID-19 pandemic, oil price …

potential crisis as also overcome the present atmosphere of hostility and mistrust between various camps


ADB: Asian Development Bank · 25 April 2024 English

This brief shows how mainstreaming blue finance hinges on developing a solid regulatory framework that drives investment toward bankable marine-based projects and analyzes how to expand the sector in the …

aerosols, or greenhouse gas precursors from the atmosphere. To incorporate the value of blue carbon ecosystems


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