
Carbon
Carbon (from Latin: carbo "coal") is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up only about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. Three isotopes occur naturally, 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe …
WikipediaPublications
WRI: World Resources Institute · 6 December 2023 English
This report systematizes the implementation process, challenges, learnings, and results of complete street interventions in eight cities from different regions of Brazil.
cities are part of the National Network for Low Carbon Mobility (RNMBC), whose objectives and work history … São Paulo joined the National Network for Low Carbon Mobility (Appendix). The city used the existing … that have integrated the National Network for Low Carbon Mobility since the beginning of its activities … in addition to contributing to the offset of carbon emissions from cars circulating in the region …
WRI: World Resources Institute · 7 October 2023 English
This paper discusses WRI India Ross Center’s experience working in Bengaluru in order to understand the results of its deep engagement through the Sustainable Cities program. It captures a decade …
modeled scenarios showed a significant reduction in carbon emissions and indicated that route rationalization …
Heritage Foundation · 28 September 2023 English
The central provision in the rule would impose restrictive “In Use Operational Requirements” on locomotive usage.3 Beginning in 2030, the rule would ban the use of most locomotives that are …
propulsion systems could generate any pollutants or any carbon dioxide whatsoever during operation (which would …
PIIE: Peterson Institute for International Economics · 28 September 2023 English
design through the IRA will increase the chances that the European Union and United States can avoid a carbon-based trade war in the future. [...] As at least the early version of the EU CBAM and the FPF cover … goods categories, it seems not entirely implausible that these two carbon-based trade tools form the basis of a future “transatlantic carbon club” in relevant industrial goods between the European Union and … from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the Functioning of the European Carbon Market in 2021. …
has cemented the European Union's commitment to carbon pricing POLICY BRIEF 23-13 Russia’s invasion of … has cemented the European Union’s commitment to carbon pricing Jacob Funk Kirkegaard September 2023 INTRODUCTION … Kirkegaard to dramatically reduce the region’s carbon emissions have had to contend with is nonresident … being offered for renewable energy, as well as carbon pricing wonderfully perceptive and constructive … market-driven carbon pricing in the EU economy. Despite the energy shock of 2022, the price of EU carbon emissions …
CAF: Clean Air Fund · 28 September 2023 English
The only global analysis of funding from international development donors to tackle air pollution. We highlight trends and gaps in international aid and public climate finance spending from 2015 to …
like nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds – can … Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution CO Carbon monoxide COP Conference of the Parties COPD Chronic … municipal waste • Sewage works • Industrial processes Carbon Monoxide (CO)22 • Fossil fuel combustion • Transport … major contributors to which are: ammonia, black carbon, dust, sulphates and nitrates. • Fossil fuel … Cities Bloomberg Philanthropies Award for its Low Carbon Commute Transition plan. In Kolkata’s case, local …
PIIE: Peterson Institute for International Economics · 28 September 2023 English
security crisis to accelerate its decarbonization process. The planned dramatic increase in the scope of carbon pricing in the European Union can herald the total decarbonization of sectors covered in the EU Emissions … Emissions Trading System and expand into important new ones. The interplay between the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) and the US Inflation Reduction Act …
The planned dramatic increase in the scope of carbon pricing in the European Union can herald the total … important new ones. The interplay between the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) and the US Inflation …
ECFR: European Council on Foreign Relations · 28 September 2023 English
The EU is facing a make-or-break moment in terms of whether it is willing to pay the costs – both financial and political – of moving forward with decarbonisation at …
frighteningly frequent, hammering home the necessity of carbon reduction globally. And in a world increasingly … Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), to rolling out the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), to greening … Denmark and Finland have relatively developed low-carbon sections of their energy mix – 43 per cent and … the CBAM – both tools based on the principle of carbon pricing – will mean that European businesses that … subsidisation for the green transition rather than carbon pricing – is already shaping the international …
State of Nature Partnership · 27 September 2023 English
The UK, like most other countries worldwide, has experienced a significant loss of biodiversity. The trends in nature presented here cover, at most, 50 years, but these follow on from …
disturbance from fishing. Restoration and creation of carbon-rich habitats have clear co-benefits for climate … peatlands are a prime example. They are an enormous carbon store, but three-quarters are damaged or degraded … peatlands and other systems to protect their existing carbon stores will improve our resilience to current … associated with shifts in trophic pathways and carbon cycling. Small copepods, a type of zooplankton … production northwards. This may negatively affect ocean carbon storage in the coming decades46 as well as having …
C.D. Howe Institute · 27 September 2023 English
Second, the US must insist on reciprocity and limit access to the US market to countries that grant access to their market more beneficial than granted to the US. [...] …
the environment (such as through imposition of a carbon border tax). Fourth, the US should subsidize crucial …
RFF: Resources for the Future · 27 September 2023
Group (BCG) study portfolio hour by hour). [...] The short-run marginal less than 0.45 kilogram s of carbon dioxide per kilogram emissions rate refers to the change in emissions for the of hydrogen, the level …
short-run marginal less than 0.45 kilogram s of carbon dioxide per kilogram emissions rate refers to the …