Language

A language is a structured system of communication used by humans consisting of speech (spoken language) and gestures (sign language). Most languages have a visual or graphical representation encoded into a writing system, composed of glyphs to inscribe the original sound or gesture and their meaning.The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Critical examinations of languages, such as philosophy of language, the relationships between language and thought, etc, such as how words represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greek civilization. Thinkers such as Rousseau (1712 – 1778) have debated that language originated …

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Publications

T&E: Transport & Environment · 4 December 2023 English

Europe is the second largest electric car market after China, with most major carmakers (OEMs) planning to fully electrify their sales in the region by 2030. Whether or not OEMs …

compromis ingly-electric-digital-and-circular?language=en 21. FORD ACCELERATING TRANSFORMATION: FORMING


More in Common · 4 December 2023 English

They are more than twice as likely to have attended a protest about the conflict, more than five times as likely to have signed a petition relating to the conflict, …

conversations, these balancers express frustration that language about the conflict has become so divisive and Many Civic Pragmatists are actively averse to language that splits people into groups, or that ties up who thought that personal attacks or hateful language from a small number of protestors were weakening rarely raised organically; instead, the public use language that describes the sadness and fear of their Jewish but is also harmful. That includes some of the language and framing used by some groups of pro-Palestinian


Resolution Foundation · 4 December 2023 English

The final report of The Economy 2030 Inquiry The UK has great strengths, but is a decade and a half into a period of stagnation. The toxic combination of slow …

important too, with the globe-straddling English language also supporting all manner of cultural and educational


RAND Corporation · 4 December 2023 English

This report presents the results of an exploratory machine learning–based analysis of green stormwater infrastructure asset data across five cities in the United States. Within each city, authors evaluated how …

convert AI terminology and jargon into plain language when talking with a nontechnical audience. Also


HRW: Human Rights Watch · 4 December 2023 English

The UAE has dangerously high air pollution levels, creating major health risks for its citizens and residents. According to the latest World Bank data, the mean annual exposure to PM2.5 …

available in accessible formats, such as sign language or easy-to-read. Migrant workers told Human


IMF: International Monetary Fund · 1 December 2023 English

Maximizing the benefits of artificial intelligence and managing the risks will require innovative policies with global reach Beginning in the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution ushered in a series of …

such as Yuval Harari. Through its mastery of language, Harari argues, AI could form close relationships


ADB: Asian Development Bank · 1 December 2023 English

This paper explores the impact of at-the-border and behind-the-border measures on intraregional trade in perishable goods within the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation region.It presents empirical evidence that behind-the-border measures …

distance and common characteristics, including language, contiguity, and shared history. Policy-driven characteristics can include factors such as cultural ties, language proximity, historical relationships, and institutional flow between two countries (i.e., cultural ties, language proximity, historical relationships, and institutional


ACAPS · 1 December 2023 English

• Out of the 23 decrees and directives, 6 directly affected the modalities of the humanitarian response in the education and health sectors. [...] • Fourteen of the decrees and …

http://nsia.gov.af:8080/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Three-Language-Hjry-Shamsy-016.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch


Amnesty International · 1 December 2023 English

Older people, who make up one-fourth of Ukraine’s population, have faced unique violations of their human rights since Russia’s full-scale invasion. Disproportionately among those killed or injured during the conflict, …

International Index: EUR 50/7385/2023 Original language: English © Amnesty International 2023 Except


IMF: International Monetary Fund · 1 December 2023 English

India is on the brink of a transformation that could change its economic and social future Before the end of this decade, more Indians will use AI every day than …

36 percent chance of speaking a common language. This language barrier is complicated by the fact that services directly with their voice using natural language, empowering them to help themselves. As Canadian


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