“FRG syndrome” (economic giant, political Introduction Lessons learned from dwarf), confined to the status of “brilliant the war deputy” to the United States, as some Rus- sian observers have caricatured it? Two years after the invasion of Ukraine, it is necessary to draw the provisional military Faced with the invasion of Ukraine, the lessons from the conflict for Ukraine and EU was quick to take. [...] The sanc- the posture of spectator to the conflict, as it tions strategy is no longer a token gesture; did for the American intervention in Iraq in it is a tool - a costly and courageous one - of 2003: at the time, the Union as such did not the international balance of power. [...] 3 • Jacques Delors Institute • Policy Brief Sticking to the principles (financial and mili- On the threshold of 2024 and on the eve of a tary support for Ukraine), the Europeans have third year of war in Ukraine, is the European allowed themselves public divergences and Union ready to maintain the balance of power uncoordinated political initiatives that have and therefore its position on the cont. [...] Often giving in to self-criticism, again at least at In 2024, Vladimir Putin’s re-election as Pre- the start of the conflict, they were happy to sident of the Russian Federation will take compare the €144 billion 2 in American aid place in the midst of an election campaign with the €77 billion in European aid, ignoring in the United States, a campaign which, if it the aid over more than ten years. [...] This will create new risks for Europeans At the end of these two years of war in because Russia could be tempted to continue Ukraine and on the threshold of an uncer- destabilising the continent in two main ways: tain European electoral sequence, it is worth on the one hand, it could use the wear and emphasizing that the European Union has tear on the Ukrainian population and army to made giant st.
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