The implementation of protectionist measures, leading to increased trade barriers and regulatory complexities, risks disrupting the smooth 昀氀ow of goods and services, thereby impeding global economic integration and EU’s participation in global trade and investment.2 The preference for stringent regulations by EU policymakers over the years has continued to re昀氀ect an aversion to risk and to commi. [...] Our focus was on unravelling the dynamics of “regulatory trade restrictiveness” and the trajectory of “regulatory fragmentation” (also referred to as regulatory heterogeneity) between the period 2014-2018 and the period 2018-2022.21 To do this, we looked at the di昀昀erences between the values at the beginning and at the end of the respective periods and counted in how many cases “regulatory restric. [...] However, the striking increase in the “No change” category from 45.9% of the total number of country-by-country observations in the period 2014-2018 to 81.0% for the period 2018-2022 suggests reluctance in aligning regulations across the Single Market. [...] Policymakers should consider the implications of maintaining the status quo and assess the need for regulatory adjustments to ensure the resilience and competitiveness of the commercial banking sector. [...] The observation of signi昀椀cant disruptions in global trade due to subsidies from major players like China, the EU, and the US raises a pertinent question about the consistency and credibility of their actions within the WTO.
- Pages
- 27
- Published in
- Belgium
