Russia’s small and technologically backward chip-making industry continues to function and largely supplies the Russian defense industrial base. Its ongoing reliance on Western spare parts and materials represents a choke point that the West should intensify focus on. The West—and especially European and Asian allies—needs tighter enforcement of controls on chip-making tools and equipment to further squeeze Russia’s small domestic chip-making industry. Enforcement challenges around semiconductor export controls illustrate the need for a new, multilateral export control regime—including tightened enforcement mechanisms—that includes the US and all its allies. Read the PDF. Introduction
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- United States of America
