Pay as you eat dairy, eggs and meat - Internalising external costs of

The costs to society are considered as ‘external costs’ by producers and consumers: yet society pays the bill in the form of a reduction of the overall level of welfare. [...] The environmental impact of these products have been estimated over the value chain of production and cover cradle to gate: the whole production chain up to the moment that the meat is sold to retail. [...] In Section 2.3 we describe the concept of environmental prices and include the set of prices used to calculate the external cost figures presented in Section 2.4, both for the EU27, France and Germany. [...] The previous study used environmental prices for direct emissions in the Netherlands and the present study uses such prices at the level of the EU27+UK. [...] This is equivalent to a reduction of 10% in the case of beef and almost 8% in the case of pork and poultry.