NMAs funds as well as commitments made in the are also described by a set of aims agreed 2021 UNFCCC Conference of the Parties in COP26 (Glasgow, 2021).2 The newer GBF, (COP) in Glasgow, and highlights the need perhaps building on the text in Article 6 of for reforms to taxes, subsidies and regulatory the Paris Agreement, also provides scope for frameworks in order to raise the funds and the trade. [...] The rest of In the eight years since the Paris Agreement this report aims to help put NMAs and forest and the earlier climate agreements, peoples back at the centre of discussions frameworks and mechanisms, insufficient on financing the preservation of forests and ambition on climate action has left the world the contribution this can make to mitigating perilously close to crossing dangerous clima. [...] Direct funding is emerging as a crucial element of the climate and biodiversity funding ecosystem with inherent potential to address human rights and the environment holistically.44 — FPP, 2023 Beyond Offsets: People and Planet-Centred Responses to the Climate and Biodiversity Crisis 19 Fair and effective funding for forest protection The Framework acknowledges the important must recognise the cen. [...] Beyond Offsets: People and Planet-Centred Responses 34 to the Climate and Biodiversity Crisis 4.3 DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND PHILANTHROPIC PROGRAMMING The IPCC has made clear the need for climate finance to be new and additional to ODA, and Much of the existing climate finance not at the cost of achieving the Sustainable remains stuck in complicated global Development Goals,148 yet Oxfam’s 2023 fu. [...] The report informs civil society in supporting political, technical and IP particular, as well as the science and policy and LC governance, in order to scale communities, about how sources of and up the grassroots, rights holder-led and channels for finance could support NMAs and locally-focused initiatives towards climate enable the audience to research and advocate mitigation and adaptation, and.
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- United Kingdom
Table of Contents
- Acknowledgements 2
- Abbreviations 4
- Executive Summary 6
- 1 International agreements 9
- 1.1 UNFCCC AND ARTICLE 6 9
- 1.2 THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND TARGET 19 12
- 2 WHAT’S WRONG WITH CARBON OFFSETS AND TRADING? 13
- 3 NON-MARKET APPROACHES 18
- 3.1 A RIGHTS BASED FRAMEWORK FOR NMAs 19
- 3.2 NMA SOURCES 21
- 3.2.1 PUBLIC FINANCE 21
- 3.2.2 PHILANTHROPIC FUNDS 24
- 3.2.3 PRIVATE FINANCE 25
- 4 FUNDING CHANNELS FOR FOREST PROTECTION 26
- 4.1 DIRECT FUNDING TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES 29
- 4.2 ADAPTIVE PAYMENT FOR PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS 33
- 4.3 DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND PHILANTHROPIC PROGRAMMING 35
- 4.4 INSETTING, CONTRIBUTION CLAIMS AND ‘BCVM’ 36
- 4.5 DEBT CANCELLATION, REPARATIONS AND RESTITUTION 39
- 4.6 DEBT FOR NATURE DEALS 40
- 5 PEOPLE-CENTRED: WHAT ARE THE ENABLING CONDITIONS FOR NMAS TO BE A SUCCESS? 41
- 6 NEXT STEPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 45
- References 47
