The Netherlands is exposed to both physical and transition risks from climate change. Due to unique geographic factors, about 60 percent of the land surface in the Netherlands is vulnerable to flooding from the sea and the large rivers, with nearly 26 percent of the land surface below sea level. Also, the Netherlands has high levels of nitrogen depositions from agriculture and transportation, exceeding the critical value set by EU Directives.
- Format
- Paper
- Frequency
- regular
- ISBN
- 9798400279690
- ISSN
- 1934-7685
- Pages
- 51
- Published in
- United States of America
- Series
- Country Report No. 2024/169
- StockNumber
- 1NLDEA2024005
Table of Contents
- TECHNICAL NOTE 2
- Glossary 5
- Executive Summary0F 6
- Physical Risk Analysis – Banking sector 8
- A. Overview: Physical Risks in the Netherlands 8
- B. Flood Scenarios 10
- Regions 10
- Flood Types 12
- Climate Conditions and Flood Protection 13
- Return Periods 14
- C. Flood Damages Estimation 15
- D. Macro-Approach Stress Test 21
- E. Results 22
- Impact of Climate Changes in the Unembanked Area 23
- Impact of Climate Changes and Reinforcement (Adaptation) in the Embanked Area 24
- Impact of Extreme Flood Scenarios 25
- Impact of Floods in the Neighboring Countries 26
- F. Recommendations 27
- Physical Risk Analysis – Insurers 28
- A. Insurers’ Exposures to Physical Risks 28
- B. Approach and Scope of the Physical Risk Analysis 29
- C. Results of the Physical Risk Analysis 30
- Transition Risk Analysis – Nitrogen 32
- A. Nitrogen in the Netherlands 32
- B. Analysis of Bank Exposure to Nitrogen 37
- C. Recommendations 40
