If addiction is not best conceptualized a brain disease, then what kind of disease is it?-This article was co-authored by Scott O. Lilienfleld

A modest opposition to the brain disease concept of addiction has been mounting for at least the last decade. Despite the good intentions behind the brain disease rhetoric – to secure more biomedical funding for addiction, to combat “stigma,” and to soften criminal approaches – the very concept of addiction as a brain disease is deeply conceptually confused.