Its failure to challenge the existing and the State” (1884), Engels traced to the origin of private power structures and willingness to work within the rules property the widespread social phenomena of the fixation that they have laid down may have led to incremental with women’s virginity and sexual purity before marriage changes and improvements in the lives of some women— and violent reprimand. [...] Marxist feminists take the view that with Post-colonial feminism is a response to the absence of the overthrow of capitalism and overcoming of class recognition of patriarchal domination in post-colonial oppression, women will no longer be oppressed because theory; and the tendency of feminists from Europe and the very basis of their oppression, i.e. [...] It acknowledges and critiques the role of neoliberal From the documentation of various waves and ideological globalisation in women’s oppression across all countries, stances of feminism, it appears that the Sexual and and rejects the unidimensional focus of liberal feminism on reproductive health and rights (SRHR) movement is a part gender as the only axis of women’s oppression. [...] 15 ARROW RESOURCE KIT: PART 1: Gender, Feminisms and Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Concepts Related to Feminism, Gender and Human Rights 1.2 Beyond the Binary — Developments in the GENDER AND HUMAN Understanding of Sex and Gender RIGHTS The strictly ‘binary’ definition of sex and gender as ‘male’ and ‘female’ has since been challenged, as is the notion 1.2.1 Evolution of Gender as a th. [...] Gender-based division of labour • Access to power and decision-making is reflected both in the types of employment available to women and men outside the home, and in the work they Gender Roles and Norms do within the household.
- Pages
- 114
- Published in
- Malaysia
Table of Contents
- CONTENTS 3
- 1. 1 FEMINISM 7
- 1.1.1 What is Feminism Who are Feminists 7
- Equality Versus Difference Between Sexes 8
- Do All Women Share the Same Experiences 8
- Is Feminism Confined to and Concerned only with Womens Issues 8
- 1.1.2 Three Waves of Feminism A Brief History 9
- 1.1.3 Different Ideological Approaches to Feminism 10
- 1.2 GENDER AND HUMAN RIGHTS 15
- 1.2.1 Evolution of Gender as a Concept in Feminist Thought 15
- 1.2.2 Concepts Related to the Mechanisms of Gender-based Oppression 17
- 1.2.3 Concepts Related to Overcoming Gender-based Oppression 18
- Empowerment 19
- Autonomy 19
- 1.2.4 History of the Development of Gender in Policies and Programmes 21
- 1.2.5 Framing Gender Equality as a Human Rights Issue 24
- 1.2.6 Neoliberalism and Gender The Evaporation of Equity and Justice in the Capitalist Melting Pot 25
- 1.3 GENDER-BASED INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH AND FEMINIST ENGAGEMENT WITH GENDER AND WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES 26
- 1.3.1 Gender-based Inequalities in Health 26
- 1.3.2 Tools for Gender Analysis in Health 27
- 1.3.3 Feminist Engagement with Gender and Womens Health Issues 29
- 2.1 HISTORY OF SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS 31
- 2.1.1 History of Womens Movements and Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights 31
- 2.1.2 Genesis of Reproductive Health as a Human Right 34
- 2.1.3 Five-Year Reviews of the ICPD Agenda 41
- 2.1.4 MDGs and SRHR Feminist Critiques 43
- 2.2 ICPD BEYOND 2014 POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SDGS 44
- 2.2.1 ICPD Beyond 2014 Review Process 2.2.2 High Level Task Force 44
- 2.2.3 2030 Development Agenda SDGs 45
- 2.2.4 Civil Society Perspectives 45
- 2.2.5 SRHR in SDGs 46
- 2.2.6 Other Global Commitments and Accountability Fora 47
- 2.2.7 Conclusion 48
- 2.3 Life CycleSpan Approach 49
- 2.3.1 Introduction 49
- 2.3.2 Young Peoples SRHR 50
- 2.3.3 Conclusion 56
- 2.4 OLDER WOMENS HEALTH 57
- 2.5 SRH ISSUES OF PERSONS WITH DIVERSE SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITIES 58
- 2.6 MEN AND SRHR 60
- 2.7 SRHR GENDER AND HEALTH SYSTEMS 63
- 2.7.1 SDG Targets Related to SRHR and Implications for Health Systems 63
- 2.7.2 Universal Health Coverage and Universal Access to Reproductive and Sexual Health Ravindran 2012 66
- 3.1 GLOBAL AND NATIONAL INFLUENCES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS 69
- 3.1.1 Neo-liberal Globalization and Its Influences on Sexual and Reproductive Health 69
- 3.1.2 Global Politics of SRH in an Era of Conservatism 74
- 3.1.3 Challenges to SRHR at the National Level 77
- 3.2.1 The Rights and Wrongs of Pornography 79
- 3.2 SOME CONTENTIOUS ISSUES 79
- 3.2.2 Making Sense of the Campaigns for Equal Marriages 81
- 3.2.3 Feminist Debates Around Selective Abortions 82
- 3.2.4 Contraceptive Technologies Liberating for Women Under All Circumstances 84
- 3.2.5 Gender-based Violence and Intersecting Violences 86
- 3.2.6 Motherhood 90
- 3.2.7 Technologies Womens Bodies and Feminist Perspectives 93
- 3.2.8 Prostitution or Sex Work 98
- 3.3 A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING WOMENS CHOICES 104
- 3.3.1 Meanings of Autonomy 104
- 3.3.2 Applying the Framework 107
- 3.3.3 Conclusion 108
- REFERENCES 109
