Plug-in hybrid electric cars: Market development, technical analysis and CO₂ emission scenarios for Germany

Starting with a government subsidy of 2.000 Euro for BEV and 1.500 Euro for BEV, the government decided to increase the subsidy in the course of the climate action package (2019) and the stimulus package (June 2020), differentiated according to the net list price of the vehicle. [...] While the increase for the SUVs is about in line with the development of the total market, the increase for the Executive cars is characteristic of the PHEV market. [...] For the latter, even the power of the combustion engine in PHEVs is higher than the average system power of the conven- tional vehicles. [...] The higher the energy requirement, the larger the battery is obviously designed to stay below the limit of 50 g CO2/km and thus to benefit from super-credits in the CO2 fleet limits. [...] While the utility factor according to the WLTP method is in the range of about 60% to 80% for all-electric ranges between 30 and 60 km (which represents the current market reality), it is lower for the MoP profiles, but to varying degrees depending on the user group and charging assumption: If one assumes a daily full charge for private users in the MoP, the UF is roughly in the range of the WLTP.