Authors
- Disclosure Date
- 2024/09/03
- Disclosure Status
- Disclosed
- Doc Name
- Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Zanzibar Energy Sector Transformation and Access Project (P169561)
- Lending Instrument
- Investment Project Financing
- Pages
- 264
- Product Line
- IBRD/IDA
- Published in
- United States of America
- Rel Proj ID
- TZ-Zanzibar Energy Sector Transformation And Access Project -- P169561
- TF No/Name
- TF0B5747-TANZANIA - ZANZIBAR ENERGY SECTOR TRANSFORMATION AND ACCESS PROJECT(ZES,TF0B0718-Zanzibar: Readiness for Renewable Energy and Storage Development,TF0B1482-Zanzibar: Readiness for Renewable Energy and Storage Development,TF0B2555-Zanzibar Readiness for Renewable Energy and Battery Storage,TF0B5659-ZANZIBAR ENERGY SECTOR TRANSFORMATION PROJECT(ZEST) - MDB FEES,TF0B5660-Zanzibar Energy Sector Transformation and Access Project (ZESTA) - CTF,TF0B9558-Supporting automation and digitalization of the electricity network in
- Unit Owning
- Infra AFR Energy 3 (IAEE3)
- Version Type
- Final
Table of Contents
- Executive Summary 2
- Table of Contents 11
- List of Tables 15
- List of Figures 16
- List of Plates 16
- Abbreviations and Acronyms 17
- Acknowledgement 19
- 1. General Background to the Study 20
- 1.1. Introduction 20
- 1.2. Objectives of the EIA Study 21
- 1.3. Scope of EIA 21
- The EIA study covered the proposed development of solar PV plants and BESS in Unguja island, Zanzibar. The assessment was carried out in compliance with Zanzibar Environmental Management Act of 2015, the Zanzibar Environmental Assessment Regulations o... 21
- 1.4. Methodology of EIA 22
- 1.4.1. Communications with Stakeholders 22
- 1.4.2. Baseline Data and Information 23
- 1.4.3. Impact Identification and Evaluation 24
- 1.4.4. Mitigation Measures and Management Controls 24
- 1.5. Report Structure 24
- 2. Project Background and Description 25
- 2.1. The Project Proponent and Rationale 25
- 2.1.1. Project Proponent 25
- 2.1.2. Project Rationale 25
- 2.2. Project Location and Accessibility 26
- 2.2.1. Location and Access of the Solar PV Plant 26
- 2.2.2. Location and Access of the BESS Facility 26
- 2.3. Project Components 28
- 2.3.1. General Overview 28
- 2.3.2. Solar PV Plant 28
- 2.3.3. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) 30
- The system will be developed in order to enable energy from solar system to be stored and then released when the power is needed most. Lithium-ion batteries have been adopted to help electricity grids ensure a reliable supply of renewable energy from ... 30
- The system will encompass a building structures / containers to house all key features and will cover a surface area of 1.33 Ha. The facility includes office room for administrative & supervision purposes, security facilities which shall include fenci... 30
- 2.4. Project Activities 31
- 2.4.1. Planning and Design Phase 32
- 2.4.2. Mobilization and Construction Phase 32
- 2.4.3. Operation and Maintenance Phase 35
- 2.4.4. Decommissioning Phase 36
- 2.5. Waste Generation and Management 36
- 2.5.1. Waste Generation 36
- 2.5.2. Waste Management 38
- 2.6. Project Boundaries 39
- In-order to provide an accurate project appraisal, appropriate project boundaries i.e. spatial, temporal and institutional boundaries ought to be established for the proposed solar PV plant and BESS infrastructure. Some impacts might be confined or sp... 39
- 2.6.1. Institutional Boundaries 39
- 2.6.2. Temporal Boundaries 39
- 2.6.3. Spatial Boundaries 39
- 2.7. Project Cost and Financing 40
- 3. Analysis of Project Alternatives 41
- 3.1. Introduction 41
- Project alternative refers to considerations made in developing the project that would achieve the same project objectives. By considering design cost, feasibility study, expertise and experience, attention to project alternatives is crucial in ensuri... 41
- This process serves to enhance the project design through an examination of the potential options instead of focusing only on the more defensive task of reducing adverse impacts of a single design. This calls for comparisons of feasible alternatives f... 41
- 3.2. The “No - Project” Alternative 41
- 3.3. Alternative Sites for the Project 42
- 3.3.1. Alternative site for Solar PV Plant 42
- 3.3.2. Alternative site for BESS 43
- 3.4. Alternative Source of Electric Energy 43
- 3.4.1. Wind Energy 43
- 3.4.2. Hydropower 43
- 3.4.3. Geothermal and nuclear power 43
- 3.4.4. Industrial diesel /fuel oil/ coal /natural gas 44
- 3.5. Alternative solar technologies 44
- Based on the above analysis, the main technological elements for the solar PV plant and Kijini Makunduchi area are: 44
- 3.6. Alternative Methods for Cleaning Solar Panels 45
- 3.7. Alternative battery storage system 46
- There are many electrochemical energy storage technologies, such as lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries, redox vanadium (BRV) batteries or sodium-sulphur (NaS) batteries, which differ in their technical capabilities, degree of maturity... 46
- 3.8. Alternative sources for water supply 47
- 3.9. Alternative Mean of Wastewater Treatment and Disposal 47
- 4. Policy, Legislative and Administrative Framework 48
- 4.1. Introduction 48
- 4.2. Need for Environmental Impact Assessment 49
- 4.3. Relevant National Plans and Strategies 49
- 4.3.1. Zanzibar Development Vision 2050 49
- 4.3.2. Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (III) 50
- 4.4. Policy Framework 50
- 4.4.1. Zanzibar Environmental Policy, 2013 50
- 4.4.2. The Energy Sector Policy, 2009 51
- 4.4.3. National Water Policy, 2004 51
- 4.4.4. Zanzibar Investment Policy (ZIP) 52
- 4.4.5. Zanzibar Occupational Safety and Health Policy, 2017 52
- 4.4.6. Zanzibar Disaster Management Policy, 2011 52
- 4.4.7. HIV/AIDS Policy, 2006 52
- 4.4.8. Child Protection and Development Policy, 2001 53
- 4.4.9. The Employment Policy (RGoZ, 2008) 53
- 4.4.10. Zanzibar Local Government Policy (2012) 53
- 4.4.11. Zanzibar Gender Policy (2016) 53
- 4.5. Legal Framework 53
- 4.5.1. The Environmental Management Act No. 3 of 2015 53
- 4.5.2. The Environment Impact Assessment (procedures) Regulations, 2019 54
- 4.5.3. Zanzibar Water Act (2006) 54
- 4.5.4. The Zanzibar Local Government Authority Act of 2014 54
- 4.5.5. The Zanzibar Occupational Safety and Health Act No.8 of 2005 55
- 4.5.6. The Zanzibar Workers‟ Compensation (Amendment) Act No. 5, 2005 55
- 4.5.7. The Labor Relations Act No. 1, 2005 55
- 4.5.8. The Fire Brigade and Rescue Act No. 7 of 1999 56
- 4.5.9. Regional Administration Act (2014) 56
- 4.5.10. Disaster Management Act (2015) 56
- 4.5.11. Zanzibar Standards Act of 2011 56
- 4.5.12. The Land Tenure Act, 1992 / The Land Tenure (Amendment) Act No. 15 of 2003 57
- 4.5.13. The Land Tribunal Act, No. 7, 1994; Amendment Act, No 1 of 2008 57
- 4.6. Relevant International Conventions and Agreements 57
- 4.6.1. World Bank Environmental and Social Framework 57
- 4.6.2. The United Nations Framework Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) 60
- 4.6.3. ILO C138 Minimum Age Convention (1973) 60
- 4.6.4. The International Convention on Biological Diversity 60
- 4.6.5. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) 61
- 4.7. Institutional Framework 61
- 4.8. Permitting Requirement for Project Development 63
- 4.9. Gaps between WB and Zanzibar ESHS legal framework 65
- 5. Environmental and Socio-Economic Baseline 71
- 5.1. Introduction 71
- 5.2. Site Conditions 71
- 5.2.1. Description of the Site for the Solar PV plant 71
- 5.2.2. Description of the Site for the BESS 73
- 5.3. Physical Conditions 74
- 5.3.1. Topography 74
- 5.3.2. Soil and Geology 74
- 5.4. Hydrology Conditions 76
- 5.4.1. Surface Water 76
- 5.4.2. Groundwater 79
- 5.5. Atmospheric Conditions 81
- Atmospheric conditions refer to the elements of the atmosphere, including temperature, wind, clouds, and precipitation, that make up its current state. It is a crucial component of environmental health that describes the state of the air in terms of t... 81
- 5.5.1. Meteorological Conditions 81
- 5.5.2. Air Quality 83
- 5.5.3. Noise Level 85
- Table 24: Average noise levels at Makunduchi site 85
- 5.5.4. Ground Vibrations 86
- Table 27: Average vibration levels at Mtoni proposed site 86
- 5.6. Biological Conditions 86
- 5.6.1. Flora 87
- 5.6.2. Fauna 91
- 5.7. Socio-Economic Conditions 93
- 5.7.1. Local Administration and Governance 93
- 5.7.2. Demographic Profile 94
- a) Population 94
- According to the 2022 Population and Housing Census (Table 30 and Table 31), Zanzibar has a population of 1,889,773 of which the total population in Rural area is 963,498 and in Urban area is 926,275. An annual growth rate in Zanzibar is 3.7%. The gro... 94
- b) Ethnic Groups 94
- The dominant ethnic people within the project area in Unguja Island are Shirazia (from Persia), Arabs, Comorians (from the Comoros Islands) and Bantu from the Tanzania mainland. All these coexist and share resources peacefully. None of the ethnic grou... 94
- c) Household Size 94
- The average household size was obtained by dividing the total population in each household by the number of households. Zanzibar has 380,260 households, with an average household size of 5.0 persons. In project affected regions, South (Kusini Unguja) ... 94
- d) Age Distribution and Dependency Ratio 94
- The proportion of the population aged below 15 years (0-14 years) – the dependent group - has remained high (42.5%). The highest recorded proportion of the population aged below 15 years is in North Unguja (42.1%). The region with the lowest proportio... 94
- e) Occupation and employment 95
- f) Land and land-uses 95
- 5.7.3. Main Economic Activities 95
- a) Energy 95
- b) Road Network 96
- 5.7.4. Economic Infrastructure 96
- 5.7.5. Social Infrastructure and Services 97
- a) Education 97
- The majority of the household heads in the project area have primary education and few of them have secondary education and higher education levels including diploma and/or degree. There are also very few who are not educated and they do not possess b... 97
- b) Health Care 97
- In the project area household members have access to medical services primarily through public or private health facilities in the project area. Each of project affected Shehia has a public dispensary/clinic providing services for primary health care,... 97
- c) Water Supply 98
- d) Sanitation 98
- 5.7.6. Cultural Aspects 98
- 5.7.7. Existing EHS issues in the construction industry 98
- 6. Stakeholders Consultations and Engagement 100
- This Chapter presents the stakeholder consultations and engagement and outcome of consultations made at various levels based on the stakeholder analysis pertaining to this particular project. 100
- 6.1. Introduction 100
- 6.2. Objective of Stakeholder Engagement 100
- Stakeholders engagement refers to a process of sharing information and knowledge, seeking to understand the concerns of other stakeholders and building relationships based on collaboration and partnership. It is a long term process that requires the b... 100
- 6.3. Methodologies applied during stakeholders’ consultations 100
- 6.3.1. Key informants Interview 101
- 6.3.2. Public/Community meetings 101
- 6.4. Identification of Stakeholders and Consultation 102
- 6.5. Acceptance of the project by Stakeholders 102
- 6.6. Stakeholders Issues and Concerns 103
- 6.6.1. Environmental Issues and Concerns 103
- 6.6.2. Socio-Economic Issues and Concerns 104
- 6.6.3. Institutional Issues and Concerns 104
- 6.7. Addressing Stakeholder’s Issues and Concerns 105
- 7. Assessment of Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures 109
- 7.1. Impacts Zones 109
- 7.1.1. Primary Impact Areas 109
- 7.1.2. Secondary Impact Areas 109
- These are off-site locations linked to establishment of project infrastructures including sources of construction materials, water and waste disposal sites. Depending on the final decision potential sources of construction materials include borrow pit... 109
- 7.1.3. The General Area of Influence 109
- 7.2. Activities Likely to Cause Impacts 110
- 7.3. Procedure for Identification of Impacts 116
- 7.4. Classification Of Impacts 116
- 7.5. Evaluation of the Significance of the Impacts 118
- 7.6. IDENTIFICATION OF MITIGATION MEASURES 119
- 7.7. EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 119
- 7.7.1. Planning and Design Phase 120
- Planning and design phase presents the overarching impacts of the presence of the project on the general natural settings at the project area. Main impact sources relate to land acquisition for the project, feasibility studies and site investigations. 120
- Impact 1: Disturbance of land / soil and contained vegetation 120
- Impact 2: Disturbance of sensitive fauna species due to noise and vibrations 120
- 7.7.2. Mobilization and Construction Phase 121
- Impact 3: Degradation and depletion of construction resources at points of extraction 121
- Impact 4: Impairment of air quality and contribution to climate change 121
- According to the instrumental measurements on ambient air quality done under this EIA study (refer section 5.5.2(a)), the ambient gasses at all project sites are well within the established limits set by Tanzania Standards for ambient air quality. How... 121
- Clearance of vegetation will reduce vegetation cover thus reducing sink for carbon dioxide and consequent climate change effects. The extent of impairment of local air quality, will be moderately high because of quantities of pollutants that will be e... 122
- Impact 5: Disturbance and degradation of land leading to soil erosion 122
- During the mobilization and construction phase, vegetation clearance, trenching and excavation for foundations may cause loosening of some soils thus leading to erosion especially if back-filling and resurfacing are not done properly. It is estimated ... 122
- Considering the topographic nature, geology and soil characteristic of the project areas, land degradation and soil erosion is likely to take place at Mtoni site than Kijini (Makunduchi) site. 123
- Impact 6: Reduced vegetation cover and abundance of some valuable plants 123
- Impact 7: Disturbance and temporary flight of fauna species 124
- Impact 8: Impairment of water and land quality due to improper management of wastes 125
- 7.7.3. Operation and Maintenance Phase 127
- Impact 9: Disruption of onsite / offsite sensitive fauna 127
- Impact 10: Disturbance of Vegetation 127
- Impact 11: Impairment of local air quality 128
- Impact 12: Impairment of water and land quality due to improper management of wastes 128
- Impact 13: Soil compaction and erosion 129
- Impact 14: Alteration of surface water drainage 130
- The placement of solar panels and BESS infrastructures and ancillary infrastructures (i.e. access roads and parking lots) will reduce the infiltration capacity of rainwater. This could cause localized flooding in the medium and communities downstream ... 130
- Impact 15: Depletion and degradation of quality of water in groundwater aquifer 130
- Impact 16: Fragmentation of the ecosystem and loss of biodiversity 131
- Impact 17: Reduction in emission of greenhouse gases 132
- 7.8. Evaluation of Social Impacts 132
- 7.8.1. Planning and Design Phase 132
- Impact 18: Physical and economic displacement of people and loss of livelihood 132
- During the EIA study, the Consultant noted that ZECO, through the service of the Chief Government Valuer (CGV), had already identified the project affected persons (PAPs) at the site for solar PV plant in Kijini (Makunduchi) identified and valuated th... 133
- 7.8.2. Mobilization and Construction Phase 134
- Impact 19: Disruption of existing land uses (affecting access and livelihood activities) 134
- Impact 20: Creation of employment opportunities 135
- Impact 21: Stimulation of local business, markets and economy 136
- Impact 22: Increase in traffic movements and possible road accidents 136
- Impact 23: Conflicts over use of local resources 137
- Impact 24: Conflicts over project induced immigration and competition for access for job 138
- Impact 25: Interference with cultural traditions and erosion of cultural heritage 139
- Impact 26: Occurrence of GBV and SEA/SH during construction phase 140
- Impact 27: Occupational health and safety risks during construction phase 141
- During construction phase, OHS impacts risks associated with the project include exposure to physical physical, chemical and biological hazards. These are associated with use of equipment and machines; trip and fall hazards; exposure to dust and noise... 141
- Impact 28: Community health, safety and security risks during construction phase 144
- 7.8.3. Operation and Maintenance Phase 146
- Impact 29: Creation of employment opportunities 146
- Impact 30: Stimulation of local business, markets and economy 147
- Impact 31: Improvement in electric energy availability, quality and reliability 148
- Impact 32: Improvement of community and public service provisions 148
- Impact 33: Stimulation of country dependency and promotion of renewable energy 149
- Impact 34: Increase in traffic movements and possible road accidents 149
- During operation phase of the project, the area will experience increased traffic to and from the project sites due to vehicular movements for supervision, control and monitoring. Due to increased number of vehicles there is a potential for increased ... 149
- Impact 35: Frustration due to failure to meet local community expectations 150
- Impact 36: Occurrence of Gender Based Violence during operation phase 150
- Impact 37: Occupational health and safety risks during operation phase 151
- During O&M phase, OHS impacts risks associated with the project include exposure to physical hazards from use of equipment and machines; trip and fall hazards; exposure to dust and noise; falling objects; work in confined spaces; exposure to hazardous... 151
- Occupational health and safety hazards specific to proposed solar PV plant and BESS infrastructures include: 151
- a) Live power lines: workers may be exposed to occupational hazards from contact with live power lines during maintenance, and operation activities. 151
- b) Working at height on poles and structures: workers may be exposed to occupational hazards when working at elevation during maintenance, and operation activities 151
- c) Electric and magnetic fields: Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are invisible lines of force emitted by and surrounding any electrical device (e.g. power lines and electrical equipment). Electric fields are produced by voltage and increase in str... 151
- d) Exposure to chemicals: hazardous materials in this sector include insulating oils / gases (e.g. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and fuels. 151
- Impact 38: Public health and safety risks during operation phase 153
- 8. Environmental and Social Management Plan 154
- 8.1. Introduction 154
- 8.2. Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Development 154
- 8.2.1. Key Players in Implementation of the ESMP 154
- The functions of ZURA will also include promoting effective competition and economic efficiency, protecting the interests of consumers and promoting the availability of regulated services to all consumers including low income, rural and disadvantaged ... 155
- 8.2.2. Project Capacity Development 158
- 8.3. Overview of the ESMP 159
- 9. Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan 192
- 9.1. Introduction 192
- 9.2. Environmental and Social Monitor and its Responsibilities 192
- 9.3. Overview of the ESMoP for the Proposed Project 192
- 10. Preliminary Decommissioning Plan 208
- 10.1. Introduction 208
- 10.2. Purpose and Content 208
- 10.2.1. Plan Purpose 208
- 10.2.2. Plan Content 209
- 10.2.3. Project Removal Methodology and Schedule 209
- 10.2.4. Decommissioning Impacts and Mitigation 210
- 10.2.5. Site Rehabilitation and Restoration 211
- 10.2.6. Stakeholders’ Engagement Forum 212
- 10.2.7. Decommissioning Costs 212
- 10.2.8. Reporting 212
- 11. Summary and Conclusion 213
- 11.1. Summary 213
- 11.2. Conclusion 216
- Bibliography 217
- ILO C138 Minimum Age Convention (1973) 217
- RGoZ, Child Protection and Development Policy, 2001 217
- RGoZ, Disaster Management Act (2015) 217
- RGoZ, HIV/AIDS Policy, 2006 217
- RGoZ, National Water Policy, 2004 217
- RGoZ, Regional Administration Act (2014) 217
- RGoZ, The Employment Policy (2008) 217
- RGoZ, The Energy Sector Policy, 2009 217
- RGoZ, The Environment Impact Assessment (procedures) Regulations, 2019 217
- RGoZ, The Environmental Management Act No. 3 of 2015 217
- RGoZ, The Fire Brigade and Rescue Act No. 7 of 1999 217
- RGoZ, The Labor Relations Act No. 1, 2005 217
- RGoZ, The Land Tribunal Act, No. 7, 1994; Amendment Act, No 1 of 2008 217
- RGoZ, The Zanzibar Occupational Safety and Health Act No.8 of 2005 217
- RGoZ, Zanzibar Development Vision 2050 217
- RGoZ, Zanzibar Disaster Management Policy, 2011 217
- RGoZ, Zanzibar Environmental Policy, 2013 217
- RGoZ, Zanzibar Gender Policy (2016) 217
- RGoZ, Zanzibar Investment Policy (ZIP) 217
- RGoZ, Zanzibar Standards Act of 2011 217
- RGoZ, Zanzibar Water Act (2006) 217
- The International Convention on Biological Diversity 218
- The United Nations Framework Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) 218
- The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) 218
- World Bank (2017), Environmental and Social Framework 218
- World Bank Group, IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, 2007 218
- World Health Organization (WHO), Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005 218
- Appendices 219
- Appendix 1: ZEMA’s Guidance to Update EIA 219
- Appendix 2: Details of PAPs allowed to utilize the area where BESS will be developed 219
- Appendix 2a: List of PAPs 219
- Appendix 2b: Sample Agreement between ZECO and PAPs 219
- Appendix 3: Water Quality Analysis Reports 219
- Appendix 4: List of Standards referred during ESIA study 219
- Appendix 4a: ZBS (ZNS 14:2022 - Municipal and industrial wastewaters) Standards 219
- Appendix 4b: ZBS (ZNS 20:2021 - Air quality) Standards 219
- Appendix 4c: ZBS (ZNS 15: 2021 - Acoustic / Noise) Standards 219
- Appendix 4d: ZBS (ZNS 32:2022 - Vibrations) Standards 219
- Appendix 4e: IFC Guidelines on Air Quality 219
- Appendix 4d: IFC Guidelines on Noise Level 219
- Appendix 5: List of Vascular Plant Species in the Project Sites and their Conservation Status 219
- Appendix 6: Minutes and attendance of community meetings 219
- Appendix 7: Details of stakeholders issues and concerns 219
- Appendix 8: Detailed analysis of significance of the impacts 219
- Appendix 1: ZEMA’s Guidance to Update EIA (1) 220
- Appendix 2: Details of PAPs allowed to utilize the area where BESS will be developed (1) 222
- Appendix 2a: List of PAPs with developments on BESS site at Mtoni Kidatu 222
- Appendix 2b: Sample Notice Provided to PAPs 222
- Appendix 3: Water Quality Analysis Reports (1) 223
- Appendix 4: List of Standards referred during ESIA study (1) 227
- Appendix 4a: ZBS (ZNS 14:2022 - Municipal and industrial wastewaters) Standards (1) 227
- Appendix 4b: ZBS (ZNS 1:2020 -EAS 153: 2018 Drinking Water) Standards 229
- Appendix 4C: ZBS (ZNS 20:2021 - Air quality) Standards 233
- Appendix 4d: ZBS (ZNS 15: 2021 - Acoustic / Noise) Standards 234
- Appendix 4e: ZBS (ZNS 32:2022 - Vibrations) Standards 234
- Appendix 4f: IFC Guidelines on Air Quality 235
- Appendix 4g: IFC Guidelines on Noise Level 235
- Appendix 5: List of Vascular Plant Species in the Project Sites and their Conservation Status (1) 236
- Appendix 6: Minutes and attendance of community meetings (1) 238
- Appendix 6a: Minutes of community meeting held for solar PV plant at Kijini (Makunduchi) 238
- Appendix 6b: Minutes of community meeting held for the BESS system at Mtoni Kidatu 239
- Appendix 7: Details of stakeholders issues and concerns (1) 241
- Appendix 8: Detailed analysis of significance of the impacts (1) 248
- Appendix 9: Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan 250
- 1. Objectives 250
- 2. Proposed Actions 250
- 2.1 Establishing Emergency Contacts 250
- 2.2 Procedures 251
- 2.2.1 Firefighting 251
- a) Hazard Response: 253
- b) Containment: 253
- c) Resources: 253
- 2.2.2 Explosion and Fire of Gas Bottles 253
- 2.2.3 Oil and Hazardous Substance Spills 254
- 2.2.4 Serious road accident 256
- 2.2.5 Live line contact 257
- 2.2.6 Bites from poisonous insects/reptiles 258
- 2.2.7 Assistance to victims 258
- 3 Communication systems 259
- 3.1 Communication and Notification to Workers 259
- 3.2 Communication and Community Notification 260
- 3.3 External Communication and Public Relations 260
- 4 Availability of resources 260
- 5 Performance Indicators and Reports 260
- 5.1 Performance Indicators 260
- 5.2 Reports 261
- 6 Accident/Incident Reports 261
- 1 Health and safety 262
- 2 Workers’ Rights 262
- 6.3 The Use of Illegal Substances 263
- 4 Community Interaction 263
- 5 Sexual Harassment 263
- 6 First Aid Facilities 263
- 7 Fire Prevention and Fighting Facilities 264
- 8 Emergency Preparedness and Response 264
- 9 Medical Emergency 264
- 10 Personal Protective Equipment 264