Designing Competition Policy for Economic Development in Asia and the Pacific

Table of Contents

• Contents 4
• Tables, Figures, and Box 6
• Abbreviations 11
• About the Editors 13
• About the Authors 15
• Acknowledgments 19
• Endorsements 21
• Foreword 22
• Preface 24
• PART I Introduction and Synthesis 26
• 1 Designing Competition Policy for Economic Development in Asia and the Pacific: Overview and Policy Directions 28
• 1.1 Introduction 28
• 1.2 Competition Policy in Asia: Theory and Practice 30
• 1.3 Emerging Issues and Challenges of Competition Policy in Asia 32
• 1.4 Priorities for Redesigning Competition Policy for Economic Development in Asia and the Pacific 35
• 1.5 Concluding Remarks 39
• References 41
• PART II Competition Policy in Asia: Theory and Practice 44
• 2 Competition Policy in Theory and Practice 46
• 2.1 Introduction 46
• 2.2 Theory of Competition and Development 47
• 2.3 Competition Policy in Practice 57
• 2.4 The Nature of Competition Authorities in Asia 60
• 2.5 Conclusions 61
• References 64
• 3 Diffusion and Adaptation of Competition Policy in Asia 70
• 3.1 Introduction 70
• 3.2 Historical Background and Our Hypotheses 72
• 3.3 Empirical Strategy and Data 81
• 3.4 Empirical Results 84
• 3.5 Conclusions 93
• References 95
• Appendix 97
• 4 Should Competition Laws in Asia be Redesigned to Improve Economic Outcomes? 104
• 4.1 Asia’s Experience with Competition Law 104
• 4.2 The Importance of Economics to Competition Law Design and Operation 110
• 4.3 Legal Systems and Economic Outcomes 113
• 4.4 Are Asian Business Structure and Practices Different? 117
• 4.5 Conglomerates are Important in Asia—Should Asia Adopt a Different Competition Law Approach to Non-Horizontal Mergers? 121
• 4.6 Conclusion 125
• References 127
• 5 The Structure, Conduct,and Performance of Competition Agencies in Asia 132
• 5.1 Introduction 132
• 5.2 Review of Related Literature 134
• 5.3 Methods and Data 138
• 5.4 Results and Discussion 147
• 5.5 Concluding Remarks 167
• References 169
• Appendix: Calculation of overall CPI 172
• 6 Pillars of Competition Policy: The Philippines in the Context of Developing Asia 179
• 6.1 Introduction 179
• 6.2 The Philippine Context 181
• 6.3 Merger Control 185
• 6.4 Enforcement Against Anticompetitive Agreements and Abuse of Dominant Position 198
• 6.5 Competition Advocacy 208
• 6.6 Conclusion 210
• References 213
• 7 The Impact of Competition on Poverty and Inequality: The Case of the Philippines Using a Microsimulation Method 219
• 7.1 Introduction 219
• 7.2 Methodology and Data 224
• 7.3 Results 230
• 7.4 Conclusion 238
• References 240
• PART III Emerging Issuesand Challenges of CompetitionPolicy in Asia 242
• 8 An Effective Regulatory Environment to Foster Domestic Market Competition in Asia 244
• 8.1 Key Elements of Effective Competition Policy Frameworks and the Asian Context 244
• 8.2 Implementing Competition Policy Through Strategic Regulatory Reforms: The Experience of the Philippines 260
• 8.3 Conclusion 271
• References 272
• 9 Market Power of Agri-Food Supply Chains in Developing and Emerging Asia 275
• 9.1 Introduction 275
• 9.2 Diffusion of Modern Technologies of Food Retailing and Manufacturing in Asia 277
• 9.3 Impacts of the Modern Agri-Food Supply Chain on Consumers 284
• 9.4 Impacts on Rural Development 288
• 9.5 Conclusions 293
• References 295
• Appendix 298
• 10 Competition Issues in the Financial Sector in Asia 300
• 10.1 Introduction 300
• 10.2 Literature Review 301
• 10.3 Who Is in Charge of Competition Policy? 308
• 10.4 Implications of Financial Technology for Competition in the Financial Sector 308
• 10.5 Competition Policy and Foreign Entry in ASEAN 319
• 10.6 Conclusions and Recommendations 321
• References 325
• 11 Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Digital Platforms, and Competition Policy in Asia 331
• 11.1 Introduction 331
• 11.2 Platforms and Economics of Platforms 340
• 11.3 Platforms and Firms: Competition Issues 356
• 11.4 Conclusion and Policy Implications 365
• References 367
• 12 E-Commerce, the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Industry Dynamics in a Two-Sided Market: The Case of a Digital Food Delivery Platform in the People’s Republic of China 371
• 12.1 Introduction 371
• 12.2 Literature Review 377
• 12.3 Ele.me Data 380
• 12.4 Empirical Observations 383
• 12.5 Conclusion 392
• References 394
• 13 The Dynamics of E-Commerce and Its Role During the COVID-19 Pandemic 399
• 13.1 Introduction 399
• 13.2 Static vs. Dynamic Efficiency Point of View—Theory and Literature Review 401
• 13.3 Context Provided by the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Natural Setting to Explore Static vs. Dynamic Efficiency and Contributions of Platforms to MSMEs 406
• 13.4 Conclusion and Policy Implications 422
• References 424
• Appendix 426