Designing Competition Policy for Economic Development in Asia and the Pacific

Related Organizations

Ateneo de Manila University

Kyushu University

National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

Shandong University

Stony Brook University

Table of Contents

• Contents 4
• Tables, Figures, and Box 6
• Abbreviations 11
• About the Editors 13
• About the Authors 15
• Acknowledgments 19
• Endorsements 21
• Foreword 22
• Preface 24
• PART I Introduction and Synthesis 26
• 1 Designing Competition Policy for Economic Development in Asia and the Pacific: Overview and Policy Directions 28
• 1.1 Introduction 28
• 1.2 Competition Policy in Asia: Theory and Practice 30
• 1.3 Emerging Issues and Challenges of Competition Policy in Asia 32
• 1.4 Priorities for Redesigning Competition Policy for Economic Development in Asia and the Pacific 35
• 1.5 Concluding Remarks 39
• References 41
• PART II Competition Policy in Asia: Theory and Practice 44
• 2 Competition Policy in Theory and Practice 46
• 2.1 Introduction 46
• 2.2 Theory of Competition and Development 47
• 2.3 Competition Policy in Practice 57
• 2.4 The Nature of Competition Authorities in Asia 60
• 2.5 Conclusions 61
• References 64
• 3 Diffusion and Adaptation of Competition Policy in Asia 70
• 3.1 Introduction 70
• 3.2 Historical Background and Our Hypotheses 72
• 3.3 Empirical Strategy and Data 81
• 3.4 Empirical Results 84
• 3.5 Conclusions 93
• References 95
• Appendix 97
• 4 Should Competition Laws in Asia be Redesigned to Improve Economic Outcomes? 104
• 4.1 Asia’s Experience with Competition Law 104
• 4.2 The Importance of Economics to Competition Law Design and Operation 110
• 4.3 Legal Systems and Economic Outcomes 113
• 4.4 Are Asian Business Structure and Practices Different? 117
• 4.5 Conglomerates are Important in Asia—Should Asia Adopt a Different Competition Law Approach to Non-Horizontal Mergers? 121
• 4.6 Conclusion 125
• References 127
• 5 The Structure, Conduct,and Performance of Competition Agencies in Asia 132
• 5.1 Introduction 132
• 5.2 Review of Related Literature 134
• 5.3 Methods and Data 138
• 5.4 Results and Discussion 147
• 5.5 Concluding Remarks 167
• References 169
• Appendix: Calculation of overall CPI 172
• 6 Pillars of Competition Policy: The Philippines in the Context of Developing Asia 179
• 6.1 Introduction 179
• 6.2 The Philippine Context 181
• 6.3 Merger Control 185
• 6.4 Enforcement Against Anticompetitive Agreements and Abuse of Dominant Position 198
• 6.5 Competition Advocacy 208
• 6.6 Conclusion 210
• References 213
• 7 The Impact of Competition on Poverty and Inequality: The Case of the Philippines Using a Microsimulation Method 219
• 7.1 Introduction 219
• 7.2 Methodology and Data 224
• 7.3 Results 230
• 7.4 Conclusion 238
• References 240
• PART III Emerging Issuesand Challenges of CompetitionPolicy in Asia 242
• 8 An Effective Regulatory Environment to Foster Domestic Market Competition in Asia 244
• 8.1 Key Elements of Effective Competition Policy Frameworks and the Asian Context 244
• 8.2 Implementing Competition Policy Through Strategic Regulatory Reforms: The Experience of the Philippines 260
• 8.3 Conclusion 271
• References 272
• 9 Market Power of Agri-Food Supply Chains in Developing and Emerging Asia 275
• 9.1 Introduction 275
• 9.2 Diffusion of Modern Technologies of Food Retailing and Manufacturing in Asia 277
• 9.3 Impacts of the Modern Agri-Food Supply Chain on Consumers 284
• 9.4 Impacts on Rural Development 288
• 9.5 Conclusions 293
• References 295
• Appendix 298
• 10 Competition Issues in the Financial Sector in Asia 300
• 10.1 Introduction 300
• 10.2 Literature Review 301
• 10.3 Who Is in Charge of Competition Policy? 308
• 10.4 Implications of Financial Technology for Competition in the Financial Sector 308
• 10.5 Competition Policy and Foreign Entry in ASEAN 319
• 10.6 Conclusions and Recommendations 321
• References 325
• 11 Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Digital Platforms, and Competition Policy in Asia 331
• 11.1 Introduction 331
• 11.2 Platforms and Economics of Platforms 340
• 11.3 Platforms and Firms: Competition Issues 356
• 11.4 Conclusion and Policy Implications 365
• References 367
• 12 E-Commerce, the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Industry Dynamics in a Two-Sided Market: The Case of a Digital Food Delivery Platform in the People’s Republic of China 371
• 12.1 Introduction 371
• 12.2 Literature Review 377
• 12.3 Ele.me Data 380
• 12.4 Empirical Observations 383
• 12.5 Conclusion 392
• References 394
• 13 The Dynamics of E-Commerce and Its Role During the COVID-19 Pandemic 399
• 13.1 Introduction 399
• 13.2 Static vs. Dynamic Efficiency Point of View—Theory and Literature Review 401
• 13.3 Context Provided by the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Natural Setting to Explore Static vs. Dynamic Efficiency and Contributions of Platforms to MSMEs 406
• 13.4 Conclusion and Policy Implications 422
• References 424
• Appendix 426