FROM ASCRIPTIVE TO PARTICIPATORY CITIZENSHIP: SOCIAL CONFLICT, POLITICAL BELONGING, AND

In view of this transformation, the current understanding of citizenship should be decoupled from the normative ideals which associate it with the liberal nation-state, reconsidered to include conflict as its constitutive dimension, expanded by incorporating a diverse array of forms and ways of participation in community life and interactions with the environment, and grounded in a realistic under. [...] Regarding the first approach, we specifically dis- cuss five challenges that signal the transformation of contem- porary citizenship and point at the inadequacy of conceptual instruments which are used to theorise it: 1) the historical and political contingency of social inclusion predicated on a strong liberal nation-state; 2) the social and technological nature of political reasoning which quest. [...] The decline of cultural nation-building has manifested itself in the growing tolerance of dual citizenship, the spread of the jus soli principle in citizenship acquisition, and the public accom- modation of non-state languages (Tambini, 2001, p. [...] The literature in political sociology and political science is marked by a debate on the role of interstate and civil wars in shaping legal citizenship regimes and the politics of inclu- sion of different modern states. [...] Contemporary citizen- ship should be (a) decoupled from the normative ideals of the Enlightenment and Western political philosophy tradition which associates citizenship with the liberal nation-state; (b) expanded by including a diverse array of forms and ways of participation in community life and interactions with the en- vironment; (c) grounded in a realistic understanding of the cognitive capa.