maintaining a robust and The unclassified version of the National Defense effective nuclear deterrent and Strategy, comprising the NPR and the Missile Defense a credible extended deterrence Review, was released for the wider audience on October commitment. [...] The NPR upheld that “the fundamental role of US nuclear weapons is to deter nuclear attack on the United States,… allies, and partners.”¹ Due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict that has been going on since February 24, 2022, and has now lasted close to a year, the timing of the document’s distribution is critical. [...] The NPR recognises North Korea as a “persistent threat and growing danger” to the US and the Indo-Pacific region.⁷ The NPR also identifies North Korea “as a target for US nuclear weapons planning”⁸ and states that any nuclear attack by the North Korean regime on the US or its allies is unacceptable and would be met with an adequate reaction against the regime.⁹ The NPR also refers to Iran as an ad. [...] Hence, the US has brought out a tailored “integrated deterrence approach” to delineate a comprehensive approach comprising nuclear and non-nuclear options to be used depending on the threats faced.¹⁴ With the call for adopting the integrated deterrence approach, the US NPR has set the course for accelerating the modernisation of its triad capacity. [...] The NPR reaffirmed the US commitment towards the NPT, the Additional Protocol to the International Atomic Energy Agency’s safeguard systems, the control regime, the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT).²² However, the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) is not viewed favourably by the NPR regarding the complete abolition of nu.
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