Civilization
A civilization (or civilisation) is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification, a form of government, and symbolic systems of communication (such as writing).Civilizations are intimately associated with and often further defined by other socio-politico-economic characteristics, such as centralization, the domestication of both humans and other organisms, specialization of labour, culturally-ingrained ideologies of progress and supremacism, monumental architecture, taxation, societal dependence upon farming and expansionism.Historically, "a civilization" has often been understood as a larger and "more advanced" culture, in implied contrast to smaller, supposedly primitive cultures. In this broad sense, a civilization contrasts with non-centralized tribal societies, including …
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NITI Aayog: National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) · 22 July 2024 English
The economic reforms under way and the economic & institutional reforms on the agenda for the next few years, will sustain growth of per capita GDP at 7% during the …
Bharata tribe (belonging to the Vedic-Harrapan civilization), which lived on the banks of the Saraswati …
CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 17 July 2024 English
Faith in hyper-globalization has collapsed, but what new narrative and institutions will succeed it? A look at the past provides hints of what is to come.
write his PhD at the Department of History and Civilization. Carnegie does not take institutional positions …
CIGS: Canon Institute for Global Studies · 10 July 2024 English
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the country faced the threat of the U. [...] In the Energy White Paper (Agency for Natural Resources and Energy 2023) …
was referred to as "land outside the sphere of civilization (化外之地)," and China did not recognize it as part …
MP-IDSA: Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses · 9 July 2024 English
power ministry that have emerged on an urgent basis, and the Neelum-Jhelum Company. [...] A Hindu civilization in Jammu and summary of the findings will be Kashmir, while Hindutva leaders have forwarded to …
pre-Islamic during the days of Muharram. A Hindu civilization in Jammu and summary of the findings will be …
FPRI: Foreign Policy Research Institute · 9 July 2024
the freedom, common heritage, and civilization of their people, founded on, and then they enumerate the values that are most important. They say that this civilization is founded on the principles of democracy …
Cato Institute · 7 July 2024
unexpectedly common in recent years. It resonates even among those who used to believe that Western civilization reached the apex of human history with its liberal democracy, only wondering whether other civilizations …
APO: Asian Productivity Organization · 5 July 2024 English
It aims to scrutinize the adoption and impact of advanced technologies, such as IoT and AI, focusing on their influence on productivity, sustainability, and the diverse challenges and opportunities in …
these clusters date back to the Indus Valley Civilization. The clusters have in-house design studios that …
CIGS: Canon Institute for Global Studies · 1 July 2024 English
Reception of Modern European International Law 4 : Passive Acceptance of International Law In the period of Japan’s reception of modern European international law, the salient feature was the passive …
10 Yanagihara, “Significance,” p. 336. 6 and civilization.11 At the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan … This acceptance by Japan of European or Western civilization and modern European international law clearly … adoption of the policies of enlightenment and civilization. Nonetheless, with cherishing its fundamental … the same author, Meiji Reformation and Western Civilization-What the Iwakura Embassy Watched [Meiji Ishin … that strongly colored Japan’s enlightenment and civilization policy at that time. As the dark side of the …
RAND Corporation · 1 July 2024 English
On-demand gene synthesis is a growing industry that has democratized access to customized synthetic nucleic acid products used in biological research. But the increasing availability and decreasing cost of custom …
research on the most consequential challenges to civilization and global security. This work was undertaken …
World Bank Group · 27 June 2024 English
Vulnerability to climate change and water scarcity is increasing globally. How this affects individual employment outcomes is still not well understood. Using survey data collected from approximately half a million …
Neolithic Revolution earlier have developed civilization and statehood earlier, and are wealthier and … transitioned to agriculture earlier have developed civilization, statehood, and science earlier (Diamond (1997); …
