Deflation
In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0% (a negative inflation rate). Inflation reduces the value of currency over time, but sudden deflation increases it. This allows more goods and services to be bought than before with the same amount of currency. Deflation is distinct from disinflation, a slow-down in the inflation rate, i.e. when inflation declines to a lower rate but is still positive.Economists generally believe that a sudden deflationary shock is a problem in a modern economy because it increases the real …
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IOM: International Organization for Migration · 28 November 2024 English
WORLD MIGRATION EDUCATION TOOLKIT The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). [...] …
migrants, even though unemployment rates and wage deflation are the result of State economic policies and …
EU: European Union · 26 November 2024 English
providing enough scope to reduce the risk of deflation; 20. Supports the ECB’s decision to scale back …
World Bank Group · 21 November 2024 English
This paper proposes a new method for estimating a full-coverage spatial price index using data typically available in household budget surveys. The food component of the index is estimated at …
introduces a theoretical framework for spatial deflation based on ratios among poverty lines. Section 3 … estimation methods. Section 5 concludes. 2 Spatial deflation, poverty lines, and poverty measurement: A theoretical … poverty measurement: one based on the spatial deflation of expenditures relative to a national poverty … Silvia Redaelli, and Giovanni Vecchi. 2024. “Deflation by Expenditure Components: A Harmless Adjustment … 2017. “Prices, Engel Curves, and Time-Space Deflation: Impacts on Poverty and Inequality in Vietnam …
World Bank Group · 21 November 2024 English
The impacts of climate change on developing economies are becoming increasingly severe, creating challenges for risk management and requiring enhanced levels of resilience. This paper explores how to mitigate the …
disaster’s negative output shock and causes deflation (relative to baseline). Lowering government consumption …
NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 21 November 2024 English
We append the expectation of a monetary-fiscal reform into a standard New Keynesian model. If a reform occurs, monetary policy will temporarily aid debt sustainability through a temporary burst in …
23This would amount to an instantaneous debt deflation. The above observation implies that a classical … (2023).17 Solution without instantaneous debt deflation. Following D´avila and Schaab (2023), we consider … optimal to promise a sufficiently long period of deflation that brings the price level back to its pre-shock …
NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 21 November 2024 English
This paper presents a unified framework to explain three major economic downturns: the U.S. Great Depression, the U.S. Great Recession, and Japan’s Long Recession. Temporary economic disruptions, such as banking …
stability point A. This results in deflation ( PS P∗ < 1). Deflation occurs at point D because, with the … rate of interest results in a combination of deflation and output drop, if expectation about the future … inflation differs across the two episodes. While deflation reached 10% per year in 1932 during the Great …
SUERF: SUERF The European Money and Finance Forum · 21 November 2024 English
For example, for the United States the contribution of the common component fell from around 60% during the high-inflation years – up to the mid-1990s – to around 20% in …
should get over the knee-jerk fear of deflation: the view that deflation is always everywhere associated with … Quarterly Review, March. Feldstein, M (2015): “The deflation bogeyman” Project Syndicate, 25 February. Manopimoke …
NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 21 November 2024 English
In standard New Keynesian models, future interest rate cuts have larger effects than current cuts—this is called the forward guidance puzzle. We argue that the forward guidance puzzle is not …
Prices During the Great Depression: Was the Deflation of 1930-1932 Really Unanticipated? The American … Economics 102, 1–23. Hamilton, J. D. (1992). Was the Deflation During the Great Depression Anticipated? Evidence …
World Bank Group · 18 November 2024 English
This paper proposes a new method for estimating a full-coverage spatial price index using data typically available in household budget surveys. The food component of the index is estimated at …
introduces a theoretical framework for spatial deflation based on ratios among poverty lines. Section 3 … estimation methods. Section 5 concludes. 2 Spatial deflation, poverty lines, and poverty measurement: A theoretical … poverty measurement: one based on the spatial deflation of expenditures relative to a national poverty … Silvia Redaelli, and Giovanni Vecchi. 2024. “Deflation by Expenditure Components: A Harmless Adjustment … 2017. “Prices, Engel Curves, and Time-Space Deflation: Impacts on Poverty and Inequality in Vietnam …
World Bank Group · 18 November 2024 English
This study uses nighttime lights to examine the evolution of economic activity in Afghanistan after the August 2021 regime change. A year later, nighttime luminosity had dropped by 20 percent, …
Development Update: Navigating economic recession and deflation. April 2024. Washington DC: The World Bank.25 …