Hydrosphere
The hydrosphere (from Greek ὕδωρ hydōr, "water" and σφαῖρα sphaira, "sphere") is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite. Although Earth's hydrosphere has been around for about 4 billion years, it continues to change in shape. This is caused by seafloor spreading and continental drift, which rearranges the land and ocean.It has been estimated that there are 1,386 million cubic kilometres (333,000,000 cubic miles) of water on Earth. This includes water in liquid and frozen forms in groundwater, oceans, lakes and streams. Saltwater accounts for 97.5% of …
WikipediaPublications
PIK: Potsdam-Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung · 11 April 2024 English
Eastern Africa and Arabia were major hominin hotspots and critical crossroads for migrating towards Asia during the late Pleistocene. To decipher the role of spatiotemporal environmental change on human occupation …
A., 2021. A phytolith supported biosphere-hydrosphere predictive model for southern Ethiopia: insights …
PIK: Potsdam-Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung · 11 April 2024 English
Process-based forest models combine biological, physical, and chemical process understanding to simulate forest dynamics as an emergent property of the system. As such, they are valuable tools to investigate the …
343 for simulation of biosphere–atmosphere–hydrosphere exchange processes at site and regional scale …
CIEL: Center for International Environmental Law · 26 March 2024 English
The first memo examines the body of international law applicable to the questions before the Court, and demonstrates that multiple sources of law define the scope of State duties in …
defines as the “totality of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere and their interactions” … defines as “the totality of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere and their interactions …
CIEL: Center for International Environmental Law · 26 March 2024 English
The climate agreements are neither the origin of the legal obligations of States to act in the face of the climate emergency, nor the final word on the extent of …
defines as the “totality of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere and their interactions” …
CIEL: Center for International Environmental Law · 26 March 2024 English
3/2021, Climate Emergency: Scope of Inter-American Human Rights Obligations, (2021), at 8 (“Emphasizing that climate change is one of the greatest threats to the full enjoyment and exercise of human …
defines as “the totality of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere and their interactions …
RMI: Rocky Mountain Institute · 31 January 2024 English
Refueling Aviation in the United States Evolution of US Sustainable Aviation Fuel Policy Report / February 2024 Authors and Acknowledgments Authors Andrew Chen Alex Piper Jane Sadler Aamir Shams Sebastian …
of CO2 directly from the atmosphere or upper hydrosphere using synthetic removal methods such as direct … removed directly from the atmosphere or upper hydrosphere Regardless of the type of CO2, the consideration …
TSP: The Shift Project · 10 January 2024 English
Developments in the sector over the last few years have multiplied the number of subjects to which these issues can be applied, and they now concern the wide range of …
the earth system33. 29 More specifically, the hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere, and even the atmosphere …
PIK: Potsdam-Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung · 2 January 2024 English
Future sea-level rise projections are characterized by both quantifiable uncertainty and unquantifiable structural uncertainty. Thorough scientific assessment of sea-level rise projections requires analysis of both dimensions of uncertainty. Probabilistic sea-level …
redistribution of mass within the cryosphere and hydrosphere (e.g., by melting land ice) (e.g., Mitrovica …
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change · 6 December 2023 English
address data gaps, including in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, ocean and coastal regions, tropical …
PIK: Potsdam-Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung · 5 December 2023 English
Venus today is inhospitable at the surface, its average temperature of 750 K being incompatible to the existence of life as we know it. However, the potential for past surface …
structures produced under water. Further evidence of hydrosphere- crustal interactions comes from extremely high …
