Outer Space
Outer space is the expanse that exists beyond Earth and between celestial bodies. Outer space is not completely empty—it is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium, as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust, and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature of outer space, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvins (−270.45 °C; −454.81 °F). The plasma between galaxies accounts for about half of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in the universe; it has a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic …
WikipediaPublications
MP-IDSA: Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses · 8 November 2024 English
1 African Affairs 123 (491) April 2024 1 2 Air Power 19 (2) Summer 2024 2 3 American Political Science Review 118 (3) August 2024 3 4 Arms Control Today …
565 Original sin: power, technology and war in outer space Andrew Latham and Anna Moan Current Journal Content …
CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 7 November 2024 English
Because strategic, economic, and ideological perceptions of China contain multiple, sometimes contradictory facets in Southeast Asia, receptions of and responses to Beijing diverge across and within state lines.
have included joint military exercises and even outer space cooperation. This trend of solid bilateral engagement …
NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 7 November 2024 English
How does forced displacement shape development in origin countries? We examine the case of Venezuela, where over seven million people have been forcibly displaced. Our study compares municipalities with different …
D. N. (2012). Measuring economic growth from outer space. American Economic Review, 102(2):994–1028. Hirschman …
World Bank Group · 6 November 2024 English
This study uses nighttime lights to examine the evolution of economic activity in Afghanistan after the August 2021 regime change. A year later, nighttime luminosity had dropped by 20 percent, …
D.N., (2012). Measuring economic growth from outer space. American Economic Review, 102(2), 994–1028 …
EPRS: European Parliamentary Research Service · 6 November 2024 English
On 9 July 2024, the successful maiden flight of the new heavy-lift rocket Ariane 6 reinstated the EU's autonomous access to space. This came after several months of reliance on …
according to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs online registry, only 14 EU Member States …
SWP: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik · 31 October 2024 German
Auch, wenn eine Spezialisierung und Professionalisierung der Bundeswehr im Weltraum in den letzten Jahren angestoßen wurde fehlt das strategische Bewusstsein für die zukünf- tige Rolle, die Deutschland militärisch mit der …
and Israeli weapons able to kill missiles in outer space were used to stop an Iranian attack. Those intercepts …
ORF: Observer Research Foundation · 25 October 2024 English
The first version of this brief appeared in the ORF-GP volume, Future Warfare and Critical Technologies: Evolving Tactics and Strategies, which can be accessed here : The Evolving Notions of …
particular Moon missions. Article IV of the Outer Space Treaty makes it clear that the Moon and other … governance mechanisms regarding the Moon. While the Outer Space Treaty applies to the Moon and other celestial … largely from principles already enshrined in the Outer Space Treaty, the Artemis Accords also cover de-confliction … replicated beyond it, paving the way for conflict in outer space to reverberate and engulf the Earth. At the very … Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies …
UN: The United Nations · 24 October 2024 Spanish
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Global Satellite Operators Association, el Outer Space Institute, la Space Data Association y Space …
