Outer Space

Outer space is the expanse that exists beyond Earth and between celestial bodies. Outer space is not completely empty—it is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium, as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust, and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature of outer space, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvins (−270.45 °C; −454.81 °F). The plasma between galaxies accounts for about half of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in the universe; it has a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic …

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Publications

ORF: Observer Research Foundation · 25 October 2024 English

The first version of this brief appeared in the ORF-GP volume, Future Warfare and Critical Technologies: Evolving Tactics and Strategies, which can be accessed here : The Evolving Notions of …

particular Moon missions. Article IV of the Outer Space Treaty makes it clear that the Moon and other governance mechanisms regarding the Moon. While the Outer Space Treaty applies to the Moon and other celestial largely from principles already enshrined in the Outer Space Treaty, the Artemis Accords also cover de-confliction replicated beyond it, paving the way for conflict in outer space to reverberate and engulf the Earth. At the very Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies


UN: The United Nations · 24 October 2024 Spanish

9 p.

Global Satellite Operators Association, el Outer Space Institute, la Space Data Association y Space








UN: The United Nations · 24 October 2024 English

1 p.

International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space Djibouti, Morocco, Nigeria, Russian membership of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space The General Assembly, taking note of the membership in the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, as noted in paragraph 382 of the report of member of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. __________________ 1 Official Records



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